Documents found
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162.More information
AbstractThis article draws on existing studies and some published primary sources to report on the contribution of French immigrants to Francophone communities in Canada. Although French immigrants' demographic impact is limited, their contribution to the cultural vitality of Francophone communities is central—they have occupied an important place in certain fields, notably religion, education and the arts. However, their presence also contributed to the fragmentation of Francophone communities, since there has frequently been tension and conflict between the French immigrants and French Canadians.
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163.More information
The study of the construction of Lionel Groulx' social network in France enables us to better understand the way through which some, among French Canada's elite, attempted to build new bridges with l'Hexagone at the beginning of the 20th century. Abbé Groulx was naturally drawn toward those who could be easily identified with the «Catholic literary renaissance» of the 1910s and 1920s, and was greatly influenced by their fight against philosophical modernity and for the spiritual and moral restoration of France. Their cause could encompass that of Charles Maurras' movement, at least prior to the pontifical condemnation of L'Action française in 1926, but extended far beyond. Aware of the substantial divergences which characterized the Catholic circles of France, Groulx had very little contact with the core members of the Action française movement and preferred to associate with intellectuals and activists whose views on religion, on the one hand, suffered no ambiguity, and took a serious interest, on the other hand, in French Canadian affairs.
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164.More information
In the eighteenth century, hermetism was a marginal phenomenon for the Catholic Church, which favoured the missionary orders. The case of Toussaint Cartier, who lived on the island of St. Barnabé off the coast of Rimouski from 1728 until his death in 1767, might lead us to infer that New France was more tolerant of this type of vocation. Now, such was manifestly not the case, as is obvious from the testimony of the marquis de Montcalm, the condemnation of hermetism by Pope Benedict XIV, the case of the hermit of Trois-Pistoles in the early eighteenth century, and provisions regarding hermits in the old civil law. All these points of view shed new light on the enigmatic and problematic vocation of Toussaint Cartier for the institutions of his time.
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166.More information
Like the other Canadian Provinces, the Province of New Brunswick is particularly affected by the ageing of its population. If the consequences linked to the ageing process have drawn the attention of research workers concerning the cost and management of health care services for the elders, little has been done concerning the problem of lodging accommodations. In the light of four central notions pertaining to territorial development, the purpose of the following article is to show how a model of development in the private sector can have positive repercussions on the quality of life of the elders in a fragile rural area. An interesting example of this is the Robertville community, a small village, located in the north-eastern part of New Brunswick. The following article emphasizes how the participation of the elders contributes to counteract alarmist talks about the ageing of the population.
Keywords: vieillissement, habitat, milieu rural, Nouveau-Brunswick, acteurs, ageing process, habitation, rural area, New Brunswick, actors
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167.More information
The application of the European directives concerning insurance to French mutual health-insurance companies is about to happen in the form of government regulations. As the case of the numerous local mutual health-insurance companies in the Vendée shows, this will cause greater concentration of administrative and financial activities. Whatever the outcome, mutualist leaders are determined to maintain and expand both their community operations and their network of primarily volunteer social projects. Updated by the author, this article comes from the paper “Mutual Health-Insurance Companies and European Legislation: The Case of the Mutual Health-Insurance Companies in the Vendée,” which was presented at the 15th Addes conference on 7 March 2000.
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169.More information
“Guignolée”and “guiannée” begging rituals that were introduced to North America by French settlers reflect calendar customs that were widespread in Western Europe, from Scotland to Spain. In Sainte-Geneviève, Missouri, and La Prairie-du-Rocher, Illinois, they continue to express a strong community solidarity and a shared Francophone past. There, as in the vicinity of Retz, south of Nantes in France, the beggars consciously maintain a century old tradition. In contrast, the French Canadian “Grande guignolée des médias” and the Edinburgh “Hogmanay Festival” are tied in with mass media, economic and touristic considerations, which provokes a debate about the commercialization and globalization of culture. A comparison between the French North American and Scottish variants shows how a single celebration can take on many different forms in contemporary culture.
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170.More information
This study of the artistic experience in primary school focuses on collecting pupils' thoughts about their discovery of works of art. Two classroom situations during which pupils are encouraged to express themselves have been analysed, using two distinct techniques, addressing the common notion of point of view. The practices observed show a change in the paradigm of teaching the arts, which focuses less on the acquisition of expert skills or the production of completed works than on artistic experience as it is experienced and its consequences as regards the development of transversal competences as well as the development of the person. Various strategies to stimulate the pupils seek the emergence of meaning through introspection or intersubjective confrontation. They are investigated for their wealth as well as their limits.
Keywords: rencontre avec l'oeuvre, verbalisation, situation complexe, éducation artistique, compétence, Discovery of works of art, verbalisation, complex situations, teaching of the arts, skills, Encuentro con la obra, verbalización, situación compleja, educación artística, competencia