Documents found
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11.More information
Between the Canadian plains (“Manitoba”), where fresh water simultaneously nourishes abundant crops and charming mirages, and the saline land's ends of Bretagne (“Sainte-Anne-la-Palud”) and of Camargue (“The Camargue”), plains soaked with “unwholesome water,” Fragiles lumières de la terre evokes not only the physical distance between two continents but also the distance between the child's paradise revisited, nestled at the “axis of the world,” and two brackish spaces, which are at land's end, both marked by war and representative of the worst aspects of modernity. Our analysis of the internal modes of organization of the descriptions in these three articles will focus on three operations studied by theoreticians: anchoring, reformulation and assimilation. The study of anchoring, especially the one of the legend-word which accompanies the title-theme, allows for the designation of a positional function for the descriptions, which ties them to a specific genre: the idyll for “Manitoba,” and the elegy for “Sainte-Anne-la-Palud” and “The Camargue”. But the initial genre labelling of the three articles is called into question by the operation of reformulation. The idyllic description of Manitoba ends with a brackish conclusion, thus rejoining the spirit of the other two, which in turn move from elegy towards a polemic tone. The latter term takes on its full meaning in the study of the operations of assimilation, where similes and metaphors take the form of war and peace allegories. The manipulation of these three descriptive operations in the texts evokes Camus' metaphor of exile and the kingdom. At first glance, the plains of Manitoba appears as the kingdom, while those of Bretagne's Finistère and the Camargue represent exile. But this kingdom that is Manitoba is not free of bitterness. One realizes that no longer can a kingdom, even a child's paradise, be separated from exile.
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The article proposes to retrace the origins of the long parliamentary debate concerning matters of political linguistics in France, a debate that has finally led to an official recognition of French linguistic heritage. The article gives particular attention to the French Communist Party's involvement with the parliamentary report on regional languages, and the different degrees to which they are integrated into national education. Certain political relations will be examined, notably the communists' role within the National Assembly during the period preceding the Second World War and the period immediately after the war, along with the most lasting effects of this engagement. The author concludes that the French communists were faced with the difficult task of finding harmony between three different positions: patriotism for a united Republic with French as a national language; the Marxist-Stalinist ideology; and an attachment to regional languages. In order to achieve this harmony, the communist representative leaders positioned themselves as a patriotic force defined by resistance to Nazism and to Francoism.
Keywords: langues régionales, France, breton, occitan, catalan, Parti communiste français
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In France, the population increase of European Herring Gull and Yellow-legged gull (Larus argentatus ; Larus michahellis) in the 20th century on the Atlantic and Mediterranean coast was accompanied by their expansion outside their original site and nesting in the urban areas. This novel situation dated back to the eighties in France leads to conflicts between humans and birds, first with managers of natural areas and shellfish farmers, then with city dwellers who complain about the nests on their roofs. In the 1990s, municipalities set up management systems to control the number of gulls in the city. The present article focuses on understanding how this “gull problem” was constructed in France. It studies how seagull protected by law and appreciated by the inhabitants of the coast has passed to a controlled and regulated bird, considered annoying and invasive by scientists and city dwellers. The aim is to understand the evolution of the seagull representations and analyze how scientists, managers and municipalities seized this dynamic of populations of the bird and these conflicts between humans and birds. The article underlines the importance of developing research on these hybrid communities, composed of humans and non-humans so that people and seagulls can coexist durably on the same territory (Gramaglia, 2010).
Keywords: goéland, gestion, conflits, représentation, France, seagulls, management, conflicts, representation, city dwellers, France
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15.More information
ABSTRACTOccurrence of erratic boulders on the floor of the English Channel and along the shorelines of the Massif Armoricain is a common feature. The distribution and the lithology of these erratics suggest ice rafting as the main transport mechanism and dispersion from local, regional and far away (basalt) sources areas. They were transported either by river ice, sea ice or icebergs. Drifting direction was controlled by prevailing winds assisted by tidal currents. One episode of shore rafting has been identified in shore formations and associated to a short transgression close to the end of the last interglacial. The observed relict sedimentary faciès is comparable to modern shore environments influenced by seasonal ice processes. Sea ice action on shore dynamics is believed to have taken place repeatedly during the Pleistocene along the coast of the English Channel. It could partly be responsible for the shaping of the shore platforms in the area.
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