Documents found
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191.More information
The vulnerability of coastal zones to the impacts of climate change and risks is the result of the synergy of natural and human impacts on the natural environment, which together create a vulnerable socio-ecological system. In order to account for that duality, theoretical approaches such as the exposition/sensitivity or risk/hazard couples have been developed for the evaluation of climate vulnerability indices or in risk management. Often, these approaches are only implemented in a punctual manner and do not integrate the historical evolution of the territory and of its vulnerability. Here, we address the historical dimension of vulnerability, that is how the planning, use and vocation of the territories have contributed to create vulnerability. We will describe how the climate vulnerability of certain territories in France, Senegal and Atlantic Canada is determined by the evolution of land use, of demographic, economic, environmental, social and cultural aspects that evolve on different time scales, secular in some cases, more recent in others. It can be observed that different historical trajectories, e.g. the development of coastal tourism, the opening of the territory through new transport means, the evolution of coastal activities such as fishing or demographic change resulting from adverse climatic conditions in the hinterland can make a territory vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and hazards. The synergy between these different transformations of the coastal zone and the new element of climate change draw the portrait of a constantly evolving vulnerability.
Keywords: changements climatiques, augmentation du niveau de la mer, développement côtier, risque, aléa, vulnérabilité, adaptation, perception, climate change, sea level rise, coastal development, risk, hazard, vulnerability, adaptation, perception
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193.More information
Since the 1970s, archaeology has been very rapidly professionalized with the evolution of the French administration and the explosion of preventive archaeology positions. The benefits of this rapid evolution must now take into account the non-professional actors (volunteers, amateurs and citizens) whose diversity has also evolved. Indeed, the distance taken by professionals towards the latter is increasing a little more every day. Yet, for a long time, learned societies and associations have fuelled scientific production. Some have even led to the creation of research centres, sometimes associated with the creation of a museum. These large-scale initiatives from legal entities may also be found in the case of individuals. To very different degrees, many other volunteer archaeologists, sometimes defining themselves as independent researchers, have contributed to knowledge about human beings through an archaeological approach. Some have even become professionals. Through the presentation of the contributions and limitations of the various non-professional research actors (in particular volunteer archaeologists and amateur researchers), we highlight the importance of strengthening the link between professionals and non-professionals for tomorrow’s archaeological research in mode science 4.0.
Keywords: archéologie, éthique, bénévoles, amateurs, professionnels, témoignage, France, pyramide, archaeology, ethics, volunteers, amateurs, professionals, testimony, pyramid, France
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194.More information
Keywords: éoliennes, tourisme, paysage, parcs éoliens, Gaspésie, Québec
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196.More information
Research Framework: Over the past ten years or so in France, households headed by blue collars and employees have caught up on their delay in connecting to the Internet at home. Objectives: Has the integration of the Internet in these households been carried out in the same way as in households of executives and intermediate professions who equipped themselves earlier? Does it have the same meaning? What transformations does the arrival of the Internet bring about in the domestic context and in family dynamics?Methodology: This article is based on a semi-directive interview survey (N=41) of mothers working in the personal services sector and living outside large urban areas in France.Results: The survey shows a significant tension. On the one hand, the mothers we met are convinced that the Internet is a guarantee of better academic and professional success for their children, which generates a real "duty of connection" in the name of modernity and social conformity. On the other hand, they note that the tool is time-consuming and disrupts family life both in the couple's relationships and between parents and children. Without regulatory model coming from the previous generation, they tinker with daily tactics to limit the potential for individualization of tools by establishing a principle of transparency of practices and encouraging co-attending uses.Conclusions: The regulation of the Internet in this stable fraction of the working classes is a model that is being sought and remains based on trial and error and compromise. However, the priority given to family ties seems to be a major issue in arbitration: discourses continue to value the family "we" with great consistency, expressing, if not a reality, at least a strong aspiration. Contribution: This research highlights the specificities of family Internet regulation methods in the stable fractions of the working classes. It is also interested in couple's regulations, which are rarely studied in the existing literature.
Keywords: sociologie, internet, norme, pratiques parentales, éducation, famille, couple, classe populaire, recherche qualitative, Internet, sociology, norms, parental practices, education, family, couple, working class, qualitative research
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199.More information
Even before he had ever set foot in Europe, Lionel Groulx had extensively traveled through France. This virtual and paradoxical travel, offered by history, literature, and French Canadian religion, culture and nationalism, had provided him with plenty of knowledge and expectations, images and feelings. Actually, going to his forefathers' motherland gave him a chance to check and confirm his beliefs and ideology rather than challenge and transform them. His five stays in France marked no departure in his life and attitude. True admiration and love for France coupled with a critical mind made him neither francophile nor gallophobe, in the nationalist-traditionalist French Canadian sense of the word.
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200.More information
With the exception of Blanchard, Deffontaines, Derruau and Hamelin, few geographers have studied the rang, in particular its origin. Among the more recent studies are those of Harris and Belanger. The former suggests that the rang could have developed independent of the land holding System, while the latter believes that it grew out of natural and social factors of regional organization. The aim of this article is to shed light upon the context into which the rang appeared in the Saint Lawrence Valley. The hypothesis is that the seigneuries and the rotures defined an original System of land parcelling in order to advance a rapid and total occupation of the laurentian corridor, the major route towards the interior. Begun during the first half of the XVIIth century, the implantation of the rang was sufficiently established by 1663 to resist any future political changes.
Keywords: Géographie historique, rang, seigneurie, censive, village, vallée du Saint-Laurent, province de Québec, Historical geography, rang, seigneurie, roture, village, Saint Lawrence Valley, province of Québec