Documents found
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212.More information
The principle of “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC) has gone through a polarized evolution since its emergence, from the entry control of dangerous products to a tool for exit control of biological resources, such as communities' cultural resources, with the adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity's Nagoya Protocol. This evolution is consistent with the emergence of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage's notion of intangible cultural heritage, for which the objective is also to guarantee a legal protection for communities based in international law. However, within this process for the protection of intangible cultural heritage, in particular as concerns data collection, communities do not always escape the danger of seeing their voices be ignored. Sometimes, they are confronted, on the one hand, to an official rhetoric on their culture to which they do not adhere, and on the other hand, to digitized data collection that may lead to cultural sensitivity problems. In this context, the FPIC principle can offer a protection to these communities, reduce the risks of a distorted and culturally offensive use, and to a certain degree, avoid the disclosure of cultural secrets, at times also possibly constituting commercial secrets. Furthermore, states can also benefit from this principle to decrease the risks of interference in the accomplishment of their heritage protection mission. Today, considering the tension surrounding the right to self-determination, recourse to national legislative provisions still appears as the preferred mean for the implementation of the FPIC principle in the field of intangible cultural heritage. To better implement the “exit” control this principle offers, states should define clear procedures and conditions for the unveiling of information, through a “top-down” process in international law, and establish the FPIC principle as an obligation of result within their national legislations.
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213.More information
This article seeks to estimate the relevance of the service economy applied to marine renewable energy projects. This study is based on stakeholder contributions in public debate in Saint-Brieuc offshore wind farm project (France). We seek to analyze stakeholder perspectives through an application of a textual analysis on contributions (cahiers d'acteurs). Textual analysis reveals two main results, the first one turns to social and economic question with the impact on the territory, in particularly the employment and the training. The second issue concerns the energy efficiency of marine renewable technologies. For each of these issues, the discussion try to give a perspective regard to service economy theory and discuss about the relevance of service economy application in marine renewable energy sector.
Keywords: économie de la fonctionnalité, énergie marine renouvelable, analyse textuelle, éolien en mer, débat public, service economy, marine renewable energy, textual analysis, offshore wind, public debate
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214.More information
In France, since the adoption of the 1992 water act, “water development and management schemes” (“Schémas d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux” or SAGE for their French acronym) elaborated by Local Water Committees (“Commissions locales de l'eau” or CLE for their French acronym) have gradually organized local governance of water and aquatic environments, with great geographical disparities. The 2006 water act modified the scope of SAGE. The act, indeed, made compulsory defining a set of legally binding rules. These rules complement the main document of the SAGE that specifies strategic priorities for a given hydraulic territory, objectives to be reached and the means to achieve them. CLE must define, in a local and concerted manner, coercive rules necessary to reach these major objectives. Almost fifteen years after their introduction, our study, based on a database of rules and statistical analyzes, investigates how CLE, a rather consensual mode of governance, have tackled their new regulatory power and adapted rules to local needs and conditions.
Keywords: gestion de l'eau, action publique locale, gouvernance, Schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux, SAGE, règlement, France, water management, public action, governance, local planning, SAGE, regulation, France
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215.More information
Considering that a system is a regulating self-organisation, we propose to discuss the modalities of an integrative alternation that we have experimented with in adult training. The regulation is approached from the angle of the training's progressive evaluation and its emancipatory aims worked out in a multiform accompaniment to self-training. As the role of reflexivity is central, we focus here on the critical reading of a tool that we have developed, the Training Experience Index (TEI), in order to gather the representations of the trainees on the way they experience training and to be able to offer them appropriate support.
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218.More information
In 2008, as I would wander the construction sites in the Great West of France on every occasion I had, I discovered a RORC (Royal Oceanic Racing Club) Class III Bermudian sloop with a “canoe” stern designed by Cornu in 1948. This magnificent small sailboat could have been left to decay until it disappeared. But no, with one of these crazy decisions you take but never regret, I decided otherwise. As soon as I bought it, and as I was waiting for it to be repaired, I looked up the history of this racer-cruiser and its crews… Upon the discovery of an honourable record and a history linked to the icon of French sailing, its classification as a “monument historique” came to mind, and it was at that moment that I took on the role of a history and heritage facilitator, and that writing a book became the obvious thing to do.
Keywords: Océan, Navigation, Course, Patrimoine, Restauration, Voile, Mer, Voyage, Ocean, Navigation, Race, Heritage, Restoration, Sailing, Sea, Journey, Oceano, Navegação, Corrida, Património, Restauração, Velejar, Mar, Viagem
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219.More information
In 2008, as I would wander the construction sites in the Great West of France on every occasion I had, I discovered a RORC (Royal Oceanic Racing Club) Class III Bermudian sloop with a “canoe” stern designed by Cornu in 1948. This magnificent small sailboat could have been left to decay until it disappeared. But no, with one of these crazy decisions you take but never regret, I decided otherwise. As soon as I bought it, and as I was waiting for it to be repaired, I looked up the history of this racer-cruiser and its crews… Upon the discovery of an honourable record and a history linked to the icon of French sailing, its classification as a “monument historique” came to mind, and it was at that moment that I took on the role of a history and heritage facilitator, and that writing a book became the obvious thing to do.
Keywords: Océan, Navigation, Course, Patrimoine, Restauration, Voile, Mer, Voyage, Corrida, Património, Oceano, Navegação, Restauração, Velejar, Mar, Viagem, Ocean, Navigation, Race, Heritage, Restoration, Sailing, Sea, Journey
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220.More information
This article examines the unemployed movement that arose in France during the winter of 1998 as a «gendered social movement». After having reviewed the notion of the transversality of social relations - and more specifically, gender relations - in the sociology of social movements, the author describes his participation in and observation of the unemployed movement in Morlaix (Brittany). He analyses the under-representation of women in the movement and the gendered nature of behaviours during general assemblies. He raises the link between gender relations and the structure, demands and actions of the movement. He then evaluates the notion of «gender hatred» in the context of this social movement. Must not the weight of male domination and patriarcal behaviour be considered as central to the explanation of the progressive disengagement of the men and women who participate in a social movement?