Documents found
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25.More information
This article looks at the birth of the consumer cooperative movement in the 19th century and its close ties with socialist organizations and labor unions. These organizations would try to gain control of the consumer cooperative movement. In the west of France, the consumer cooperative movement was organized within the framework of the Federation of Worker Cooperatives of Brittany (Fédération des coopératives ouvrières de Bretagne), which covered a large geographical area. The movement brought together both cooperatives that belonged to Charles Gide's Cooperative Union, which advocated keeping the movement nonpartisan, and cooperatives that were members of the Socialist Cooperatives' Bourse. In April 1905, the Federation of Worker Cooperatives of Brittany organized in Nantes the Fourth National Congress of the Socialist Cooperatives' Bourse. The ideological aspect of the regional federation remained strong, but economic realities quickly led it to focus on developing federal structures. After the unity congress in Tours, which saw the birth of the National Federation of Consumer Cooperatives (Fédération nationale des coopératives de consommation, FNCC), the Federation of Brittany became one of the first regional federations to implement the program for modernizing cooperatives.
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Since the 1960s, pleasure-boating has experienced a significant development throughout the French coast. Although the harbor infrastructures are well studied, this is not the case of the recreational boater behaviors and distribution once on the water or on the nearby islands. This knowledge is, however, essential in order to improve and develop new integrated coastal planning strategies. This article presents the methodological framework of a recreational boating monitoring study conducted in the Arcachon Basin (France) between 2008 and 2009. The results further our understanding of this boating area that is based on different practice places.
Keywords: étude fréquentation, plaisance, méthodes, quantification, cartographie, aires marines protégées, visitor monitoring, pleasure-boating, methods, quantification, mapping, marine protected area
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The article raises the question of the political management of the pressures generated by the dynamics of local development on the resources of the island territories of the Iroise Sea, the island of Ouessant, the Molène archipelago and the island of Sein. A field survey consisted in 55 semi-directive interviews with three audiences: activity promoters, elected officials and managers; 254 questionnaires, 116 of which were from inhabitants and 138 from tourists, provided quantitative information on the mobilization of territorial resources. For the most part, these come from the sea. They are of course fishery resources, but also landscape resources, and even more generally geographical resources, in the sense that island life, as a living environment, constitutes a factor of attractiveness, at least the driving force behind the creation of identity and, indeed, society. The resources required today in the context of local development are natural, social, spatial and financial resources. The pressures that are exerted on the territory are expressed in two main forms: the secondarization of the habitat and the availability of land in general, on the one hand; and competition over fishery resources, on the other. The key element identified on the territory concerning the political management of these resources is a difficulty of communalization, the organization of the actors with the aim of managing the resources collectively. The marine conservation organizations do not currently seem to be able to significantly influence the management of resources, but they represent a tool, possibly an under-exploited territorial resource, in favor of this process of communalization.
Keywords: insularité, ressources communes, aire marine protégée, cadre de vie, insularity, common resources, marine protected area, living environment
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28.More information
Keywords: Conflit d'usage, action collective, valeurs, agriculture, Bretagne
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This research deals with the relation between extraction sites and sustainable development in Brittany, and aims at analysing the modalities of governance within this industrial activity.Since 1993, all extraction sites have, by law, an obligation to consider environmental issues and local community demands in their projects, whenever a site is to be opened or extended: 1) The opinion of the local resident is highly important because they desire to create a territory that suits the needs of their local community and that preserves a way of life strongly associated with rural areas. Their increasing participation in local councils and meetings is a testimony for their long lasting involvement. 2) On the other hand, the need for companies to sign up for sustainable projects requires the forging of partnerships with collective groups and associations that far exceed any regulatory requirements.Our proposals will be supported by the analysis of two sites. In Bodonou (Finistère) a good industry/local communities partnership has resulted in the reclaiming a protected natural area (wetland, natural heritage …) after the closure of the site. Off shore Lorient, the local opposition to the possible opening of an extraction site at sea demonstrates the civic commitment to environmental issues, and, more broadly, to the preservation of a quality living space.
Keywords: sites d'extraction, sablière/carrière, gouvernance, développement durable, concertation, environnement, Extraction sites, sand quarry/sand pits, governance, sustainable development, consultation, environment