Documents found
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64.More information
Emotional approaches in social sciences are very diverse, but still few integrate emotions to explain the social components of action. This article intends to question the dynamics of collective action by integrating the emotional aspect of social life into a relational perspective. Based on the work of Pierre Livet (2001) and Louis Quéré (2012), emotion is considered to be what binds people to a situation. This relationship is examined in the «emotional work», that is to say the revision of our expectations in an uncertain situation that actors operate to engage in action. The purpose of this article is to show the relationship between the characteristics of emotions felt and the forms of collective mobilizations. This article will be based on the analysis of land-use conflicts around nine extension projects of livestock buildings and wind farms. The dynamics of the conflict will be restored in time across the different emotional situations that the protagonists go through.
Keywords: Travail émotionnel, conflit, éolienne, élevage, confiance, action collective, mobilisation, Emotional Work, Conflict, Wind Farm, Animal Farming, Trust, Collective Action, Mobilization
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65.More information
This article offers a retrospective look at the ethnographic survey component of the INPECMAM-Iroise multidisciplinary scientific program (INteractions PÊChe MAMmifères marins) in the Iroise Marine Natural Park in light of the "oceanic turning point" that has been affecting research in the human and social sciences over the last decade. A better understanding of the state of the marine environment and human-nature relationships is a common objective for managers and users of professional fishing. In this context, the study of marine depredation has emerged as an object with high heuristic value. Indeed, the latter does not impose itself on anyone as obvious or immediately as entirely stabilized in what is par excellence an environment of predation and hazards. The study of depredation, the qualifications and characterization of the latter by professional fishermen, are revealing of the environmental knowledge and of empirics and episteme that the very methodology of the IMPECMAM program has made it possible to apprehend in an original and pioneering way. The latter cannot be considered independently of the governance frameworks of an area whose main vocation of improving knowledge and promoting the balance between the protection of the marine environment and the sustainable development of maritime activities, is likely to be disputed at any time.
Keywords: Ethnographie de la déprédation, phoque gris, Parc naturel marin d’Iroise, savoirs des acteurs locaux, pêche professionnelle, politique maritime intégrée, Ethnography of depredation, gray seal, Iroise Marine Natural Park, fishermen knowledges, local actors, integrated maritime policy
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67.More information
With the local scale, stakeholders often perceive the risks of coastal pollution by hydrocarbons by a maritime entry, where the preventive solutions would emanate from international authorities. Nevertheless, in the scope of coastal management of pollution, it is advisable to integrate this risk in the management of coastal territories, as well as other risks (erosion, telluric pollution…). The aim of integrated coastal zone management is a better coordination of local management for an effective preparation of the terrestrial fight. Intercommunality scale seems to be the best way to ensure the interrelationship between the national and international scale and the communal level.
Keywords: GIZC, pollutions côtières, plan infrapolmar, intercommunalité, ICZM, coastal pollution, infrapolmar plan, intercommunality
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68.More information
The increasing impact of fisheries practices on marine ecosystems and ecosystem services requires the mobilization of legal and societal instruments to correct the perverse effects they produce. Can public authority, through the law, freely interfere in the regulation of these practices to enable them to produce a virtuous effect on biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services? Does it exist a threshold beyond which public authority must no longer act? It seems possible to answer these questions by applying the new conceptualized legal analysis tool called legal gradient. The unprecedented application of this tool is studied in a real-life laboratory which has long been used to study professional fishing practices that impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services: The Natural Marine Park of Iroise. After reviewing a situational analysis of practices and their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services, the article identifies main applicable instruments of positive law and societal regulations to account for their degree of effectiveness and efficiency. On this basis, the article then proposes to apply the legal gradient to envisage a new way of acting on practices, on the part of the public authority. This approach will be followed by a more theoretical reflection on the construction of the concept of governance.
Keywords: gouvernance, flexibilité du droit, adaptabilité du droit, services écosystémiques, régulation publique, régulation privée, aire marine protégée, développement durable, governance, legal flexibility, legal adaptability, ecosystem services, legal regulation, societal regulation, marine protected area, sustainable development
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69.More information
AbstractThis article will focus on difficulties in translating voice in the literary essay. The corpus examined will be taken from works submitted for the Governor-General Award in translation (French to English) between 1990 and 1995. Reference will be made to differences in this essay as genre in English and French, as these differences affect the translation of narrative voice. The primary focus of the article, however, will be on syntactic structures(emphatic structures, word order, narrative subject positioning, etc.) More specifically, it will be shown that a failure to understand the importance of these structures to the meaning of the original text can result in infelicitous shifts in voice in the translated texts.
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70.More information
The digital era has caused tremendous transformation in the discipline of archival science. New issues are surfacing. This is particularly true with respect to the notion of risk, which has to be taken into account in defining the needs of an organization.In this article, Belin and Rietsch discuss the evolution of the digital in archives. Over the past fifteen years, the arrival of digital has certainly brought many advantages to the work of archivists, but it has also introduced a cluster of new problem areas. In fact, success in assuring the integrity of a digital document, its provenance, its confidentiality, and its long-term accessibility are all challenges that make us recall that the new era is sometimes based on complex functional mechanisms with significant costs.The second part of the article is dedicated to the presentation of an actual case : the successful installation of a shared regional electronic archiving system for the mixed territorial cooperative union Mégalis Bretagne, in France. The success of the operation is primarily due to the sharing of means, that is, the shared use of a system that has several technical infrastructures. This kind of system means that one can assure the optimization of available resources and the sharing of risks. An archival policy that is well thought out is absolutely necessary before putting such a system in place. The example of the Mégalis Bretagne system serves as a good illustration of a digital archival project and an analysis of risk.