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The trouble with the concept of subversion, whether applied to translation, translation studies or any other issue, is that it begs to be subverted. This is what this paper modestly attempts to do, using different focal points. We begin our reflection on an optimistic note, by positing that translation, insofar as it brings about a share of novelty, is from the outset a subversive operation. Observation of the profession proves that it is nonetheless a school of conformity, in which false subversives thrive, often unaware of their own subservience to an order. This intrinsic contradiction might be solved, or at least mitigated, by articulating personal ethics, professional ethics, and morality. For one must also be aware of the dangers of overemphasizing subversive acts in translation, thus establishing a rift between practice and reflection on practice. How, then, can one refrain from transposing this issue to our relationship with artificial intelligence? At the end of the day, the concept of subversion raises three questions in translation and translation studies: who do we imagine ourselves to be serving? why should we feel in any way inferior? and isn't subversion, in translation studies, a concept to be relegated to the same place as fidelity and betrayal?

Keywords: subversion, éthique, déontologie, sociologie de la traduction, subversion, ethics, deontology, sociology of translation

Being sober, a moral imperative, involves sustainably limiting the footprints of human activities. Judith Butler's (2014) reflections on the good life suggest that a sober life can ideally only be conceived through deliberation between equals, in a society where each community: firstly, becomes aware of its own vulnerabilities (environmental and social); secondly, recognises its share of responsibility in the production of these vulnerabilities; and finally, decides to act in solidarity to reduce them. Among the factors that make it possible to identify vulnerabilities and their unequal distribution, work plays a key role.

Keywords: Travail sobre, Coopératives numériques, Vulnérabilité, Vie bonne, Empreintes environnementales, Empreintes sociales, Sober work, Cooperatives, Digital, Vulnerability, Good life, Environmental footprint, Social footprint

The teaching and the learning of research fieldwork constitute an added value for novice researchers in social sciences. In African societies marked by colonial history, the presence of learners and researchers makes it possible for them to become more aware of the unequal social relationships appearing during field research. With the Covid-19 pandemic, the teaching of field research took place remotely, generating several educational challenges among which the role of local facilitators, the implementation of the main ethical principles and the relationships between apprentice researchers and participants when conducting the research. Inequalities in social relationships while doing fieldwork appear more clearly since learners have an abstract understanding of it. These different issues will be addressed based on the experience of a field research course taking place in Senegal during the 2020-2021 health crisis with students from a Canadian university.

Keywords: terrain, pratiques de recherche, décolonisation des méthodologies, décolonisation des pédagogies, Sénégal, fieldwork, research practices, decolonizing methodologies, decolonizing pedagogies, Sénégal

A thorny debate persists as to the causes of the attacks that affected France since 2015. One view is that France is being attacked because of the secular and liberal values it embodies. According to a second thesis, France is attacked in response to its interventionist foreign policy. Our contribution proposes to respond to this debate via a behavioral, statistical and comparative analysis of attacks in the name of the Islamic State around the world from 2013 to 2019. Our analyses reveal that countries with liberal values (right to blasphemy, tradition of press caricature, and tolerance of homosexuality) are on average not subject to an increased number of attacks. Conversely, countries involved in air strikes in Iraq or Syria are significantly more affected. A temporal analysis confirms the causal effect of military strikes on attacks, and not the opposite effect.

Keywords: terrorisme, État islamique, valeurs, interventionnisme militaire, politique étrangère, violence politique, radicalisation, France, terrorism, ISIS, values, military interventionism, foreign policy, political violence, radicalization, France

The spatial confrontation between mining and forest preservation is fueling controversy in East Cameroon. Can looking at the mining industry allow us to understand the link between forest and communities? Based on stakeholder and commons theories and on the political ecology approach, this article analyzes the factors leading to controversy around forest management in Eastern Cameroon's mining areas. Results reveal that controversy involving mining and forestry issues stem from the stress that miningis putting on the region's forest resources. The poorly controlled development of mining activities leads to the destruction of forest resources without bringing, in return, social benefits for the communities. Supported by public opinion, protests are increasing, calling into question a mining governance marked by corruption and disregard for the communities' interests and sustainable local development.

Keywords: Exploitation minière, communautés, gouvernance, perception, controverses, Mining, communities, governance, perception, controversy, Explotación minera, comunidades, gobernancia, percepción, controversias

The Comorian coastline has been eroding for decades, as a result of both climate change and local anthropogenic pressure. We here study coastal erosion in the Comoros through a survey of residents in five coastal villages so as to better understand perceptions of coastal erosions, its drivers and the response measures taken. Our survey shows that the local population is aware of coastal erosion, and attributes this problem to two main factors : sand mining as well as sea level rise. However, the population paradoxically favours one single respone measure : hard costal protection through seawalls. These seawalls are largely mal-adaptive : they do not address the problem of sand mining, have short lifespans, and often increase erosion. Respondents seem unaware of these negative effects of seawalls, even if they are well-documented in the Comoros and beyond. More information and education to fight against the « seawall mindset » seems necessary, as does capacity building and better local governance, in particular in contexts of weak governance as in the Comoros.

Keywords: perceptions, érosion côtière, Comores, adaptation au changement climatique, digues, perceptions, coastal erosion, Comoros, climate change adaptation, seawalls

Greenland's international presence intertwines with its emerging status as an autonomous Arctic nation and with reconfigurations of the postcolonial identities of its people. In this article, I explore the positions and practices of English in Greenland in relation to two conditions of ambivalence : the ambivalence of English as both imperialistic and empowering, and the ambivalence that textures postcolonial Kalaallit-Danish relations. I consider how exploring the arguments, desires, and contestations of English, gathered through diverse empirical fragments, draws attention to the entanglements of multidirectional aspirations, diverse communities, new technologies, and altered geographies. The connections to English emerge in the everyday communicative practices of Greenland's people and in the demands of organizations and industries. These connections are just as formidable as those stemming from political rhetoric and policies. I propose that the significance of English is in the making and conclude by outlining three areas of further collaborative research to follow this development for Kalaallisut, for Kalaallit-Danish relations, and for the production of new forms of equalities and inequalities.

Keywords: Groenland, anglais, Danemark, postcolonial, enchevêtrements, Arctic, Greenland, English, Denmark, Postcolonial, Entanglements, Arctic

L'année 2018 a marqué les 50 ans depuis la première Conférence des Nations-Unies sur l'exploration et les utilisations pacifiques de l'espace extra-atmosphérique. L'année passera et le monde aura continué de changer comme toujours, avec pour seule constante, ce changement et la capacité dynamique du droit à s'adapter et prévaloir. Le droit international, et plus particulièrement, le droit relatif à l'espace extra-atmosphérique est bien au fait de l'évolution technologique, géopolitique et géoéconomique, et a su s'adapter à ces conditions changeantes.Ce qui reste à voir, toutefois, est sa pertinence pour les temps futurs. En effet, le changement de paradigme quant au nombre, à la variété des acteurs et problèmes touchant au droit aérospatial et au rôle de ce droit international dans l'adaptation aux changements est marquant. Le …

Au cœur de la frontière géopolitique du Sud de la Chine, les communautés de minorités ethniques luttent pour créer des moyens de subsistance durables tout en glissant de plus en plus dans le champ de vision de l'État et en devant répondre à des attentes concernant le fait « d'être moderne » de manières spécifiques. Ici, les communautés fonctionnent en marge du pouvoir étatique, ainsi que des politiques culturelles et des normes économiques. Au beau milieu d'une transition agrarienne, des fermiers minoritaires distants ont maintenant besoin de revenus monétaires pour acheter des éléments agricoles autrefois extraits organiquement de leurs terres, ainsi que pour des besoins éducatifs, de santé et de transport relativement nouveaux. En même temps, « aller de l'avant » rime avec le fait …