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In this article, Élise Lepage compares the first collections of poetry of Andrée Lacelle (Ontario), Hélène Dorion (Québec) and Dyane Léger (Acadie). These female writers of foremost importance played a decisive role in the entry of Acadian and Franco-Ontarian literature into modernity. The author demonstrates that the critical readings that prevailed for a long time in Acadie and Ontario focused on themes such as identity and cultural belonging, as well as the institutionalization of these new literatures. In Québec, feminist writing during the long decade of the 1970s was perceived as a distinct literary vein, placed either in the forefront or in the background of the literary avant-garde of the time. However, the poetry of Lacelle, Dorion and Léger does not coincide with any of these critical readings. Rather paradoxically, the early works of the authors received a warm reception at the time of their publication, despite the fact that critics did not yet have the conceptual framework needed to fully understand their novelty. Now that the works of these three writers span many years, it is important to look back on these first collections in order to forge a critical approach that demonstrates their aesthetic convergences through an examination of their respective relation to time and desire, as well as the lyrical posture adopted by each of the three poets.

This article analyses SMEs' unlinear internationalization paths. The multiple case-study conducted with four French manufacturing SMEs highlights the existence of a variety of paths characterized by different rythms and levels of commitment. The internationalization of those SMEs is made of a succession of commitments and withdrawal on foreign markets. More precisely, our research reveals the existence of epochs of internationalization of varying length, initiated by different internal or external critical events. Learning, resilience and the entrepreneur's international orientation are among the main elements shaping SMEs' internationalization path.

Keywords: Trajectoire d'internationalisation, PME, Désinternationalisation, Réinternationalisation, Internationalization path, sME, De-internationalization, Re-internationalization, Trayectoria de internacionalización, PYME, Desinternacionalización, Reinternacionalización

Replaced in the International Business field, issues that Atlas AFMI is committed to developing, for nearly ten years, are expressed over the themes for its annual conferences. The analysis of themes and methods of the 89 papers selected for its 2015 conference, organized in in Hanoi, on the theme of Transitions and international management, aims at highlighting the different lines of research that are preferred there. To analyze these contributions, the ESO framework is due to connect the key themes of the international environment (E), the strategies developed by the actors (S) and the organizational conditions (O). In addition to this framework, the PREST model locates the - macro, meso and micro levels - where are positioned the various contributions.

Keywords: conférences académiques, problématiques internationales, analyse des thématiques, cadre ESO, modèle PREST, academic conferences, international issues, thematic analysis, ESO framework, PREST framework, comunicaciones, conferencias académicas, asuntos internacionales, el análisis temático, ESO, PREST

What constitutes the discipline of International Relations is today in question. These challenges to the discipline concern its scientific aspirations and disciplinary boundaries, as well as the ethical and social issues associated with them. The latter deal as much with the analyses produced in IR (their content, scientific, political, and applied value) as with the power relations affecting the individuals taking part in such analyses. Inspired by specific political and normative concerns, we seek to put forth an « undisciplined » perspective that reflects on the discipline of IR in the Francophone Canadian community through our teaching experiences in International Relations at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) and at the University of Ottawa rather than through the varied national communities as designed by the data of the Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) gathered by Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations at the College of William and Mary. Our contribution is threefold : 1) it appeals to the necessity of interdisciplinarity by foregrounding an « undisciplined » perspective ; 2) it insists on the primacy of actively « forgetting » IR theory, to echo Roland Bleiker, by mobilising our teaching practices ; and 3) it shows, through a critical methodological stance of feminist curiosity, how pedagogy may act as an opening to the world of international relations. While so doing, it promotes more openness as to what international relations might consist of and encompass, and acknowledges emotions as central to meaning-making processes in the world of/in International Relations.

Keywords:  ouverture sur le monde des relations internationales, oubli actif des théories des RI,  interdisciplinarité, enseignement, méthodologie critique, curiosité féministe, openness about the world of international relations, problematisation of theories of IR, interdisciplinarity, teaching, critical methodology, feminist curiosity, apertura en el mundo de las relaciones internacionales, olvido premeditado de las teorías de RI,  interdisciplinariedad, enseñanza, metodología crítica, curiosidad feminista

Research Framework: This essay attempts to reclaim Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), the “Myriad-Minded Man” from colonial India, through his “ages of life” – as a son, father, and educator – and his conceptualization of an alternate education and masculinity. Tagore's critique of colonial education, his experiments with institutions, and his curriculum emphasizing arts and moral aesthetics over muscular nationalism challenged the dominant culture of masculinity. His paternalism embraced a “manliness” privileging moral and spiritual sustenance over economic and political considerations.Objectives: By focusing on Rabindranath Tagore, an iconic figure of Indian modernity, the essay attempts to demonstrate the tangled relationship between his domestic reality and his public commitment to social justice and pedagogy. Methodology: It deploys the method of contextualized textual analysis by examining a variety of literary sources -- personal narratives, correspondence, lectures, and essays. Results: Foregrounding the importance of family in its enabling and restrictive capacities, the essay explores connections between one family's life and the Bengali understanding of age, gender, and class in late colonial India. Conclusions: The essay contends that Tagore's position as a biological father and the transference of his affective concern to a larger body of children, in whom he inculcated a new sense of freedom, were inflected with an alternate sense of masculinity.Contribution: The essay contributes to our understanding that the role of “fathers,” biological and metaphorical, attained heightened significance among the educated, affluent community in colonial Bengal. An examination of the interminable connection between Tagore's personal and public life disrupts the separation between the home and the world and establishes the centrality of the domestic in Indian nationalist politics. As a father and a reformer, Tagore challenged existing notions of masculinity through his reformed and secular model of education.

Keywords: Rabindranath Tagore, paternité, masculinité, virilité, famille, éducation, pédagogie, Inde coloniale, Rabindranath Tagore, fatherhood, masculinity, manliness, family, education, pedagogy, Colonial India

This article is a reflection on the “practice turn” in the study of world politics based on the article by Vincent Pouliot. We take advantage of this forum to examine his plea for a practice turn in ir (which he dubs the “logic of practicality”) in light of disciplinary politics. We argue that his article constitutes a political intervention in the ir field with a view to making the idea of a practice turn acceptable to the mainstream. Our text is divided into three parts : 1) A brief look at the linguistic turn—to which the practice turn is presented as a counterpoint—with a reference to the constructivism-poststructuralism divide ; 2) an exploration of Pouliot's argument, as well as his intentions, limits, and the sobjective epistemology underpinning his interpretive methodology ; and 3) a critique of sobjectivism as a barrier preventing the discipline from incorporating the richness of detail found in ethnographic studies, and as a political act favouring a scientistic vision of the field.

Keywords: tournant pratique, tournant ethnographique, tournant linguistique, sobjectivisme, politique disciplinaire, practice turn, ethnographic turn, linguistic turn, sobjectivism, disciplinary politics, giro práctico, giro etnográfico, giro lingüístico, sobjectivismo, política disciplinaria

AbstractSome decision makers are wary of the arrival of new “migrants.” Journalists and politicians certainly have a share of responsibility for this situation, often fomenting fear through semantics. On the ground, this mindset places displaced persons at risk. Could the law help provide a clearer understanding of the situation, and contribute concretely to protecting the displaced? Given that the law is intended to be a voice of reason, it would seem so. But it is also legitimate to ask whether the confusion that exists around population movements is not directly related to a failure of law. Examining interactions between the law and its environment from the perspective of the interdisciplinary theory of complex dynamic systems may provide some answers.

Keywords: complexité, flux migratoires, modélisation, sémantique, droit, complexity, migration flows, modelling, semantics, law, complejidad, flujos migratorios, modelización, semántica, derecho