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The issue of the “overlapping” of First Nations territories is one frequently raised in government documents, judicial records and the media. In Québec, it is particularly an issue concerning the Algonquians who live north of the St. Lawrence River: Cree, Naskapi, Innu, Atikamekw, Algonquin. In light of what observers have said since the 17th century, this article explores the notion of borders, both between the territories of the Algonquian Nations and between those of the bands and/or communities and families of these different Nations. Did these borders exist? If so, of what nature were they and how did the notion of “overlap” develop which today strains the relations between Algonquians and between members of each Nation.This text is part of the reflections carried out for the programme “Indigenous Peoples and Governance” by Étienne Le Roy, Jacques Leroux and Sylvie Vincent on the representations of space and territorial rights.

Keywords: territoire, Algonquiens du Québec, droit coutumier, frontière, « chevauchement », territory, Algonquians of Québec, customary law, border, “overlapping”, territorio, Algonquinos de Quebec, derecho consuetudinario, frontera, “superposición”

Keywords: Jeunes trans migrants et racisés, Québec, Intersectionnalité, Parcours migratoires, Études migratoires trans

This first chapter of the Keyword section of the collection “Anthologie du phem” (phem's source readings) addresses the relationship between music and internationalism (or cosmopolitanism), that is one of the most crucial issues arising from the Parisian musical debate of the interwar period. The three selected articles defend three different positions: a francocentric universalism, the condemnation of internationalism considered as illusory, and the utopia of cosmopolitanism. In the interwar period, the ideal of a pacific international cooperation coexisted with the most extreme nationalisms, and the discourse presented in this articles provides a deeper insight into the political and aesthetical issues behind the musical debate.

Keywords: cosmopolitisme, esthétique musicale, internationalisme, nationalisme, presse musicale, aesthetics of music, cosmopolitanism, internationalism, musical press, nationalism

Socio-sanitary advocacy refers to engagement (social, political, economic, cultural or environmental) and individual and/or collective initiative to promote the health at the individual, familial and/or community scales. Its contribution to socio-spatial change in the towns of Cameroon is mixed from the structural and functional disarticulation between the five components of the universe of socio-sanitary advocacy: social actors, militant objet, militant challenge, activism and temporality. This disarticulation entertains erodability of voluntary socio-spatial engagement. A study prescribes to make the towns of Cameroon a priority of socio-sanitary advocacy, and socio-sanitary advocacy a priority in the towns of Cameroon.

Keywords: militantisme socio-sanitaire, changement socio-spatial, santé communautaire, désarticulation de l'univers du militantisme socio-sanitaire, ville camerounaise, socio-sanitary advocacy, socio-spatial change, community health, health advocacy, Cameroon

Our contribution considers the context in which the rights of the IDP emerged, as well as their content and the scope of their protection. The purpose of the article is to understand the role of the States involved in the protection of the rights offered to the IDP. How did the International community seize this question and what are the prospects to enhance the legal protection of IDP? Have the Guiding principles met their objectives after twelve years of enforcement? What is their value and scope in the architecture of international law? The adoption by the African Union of the Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa in Kampala on 23 October 2009 reinitiated the debate over mandatory IDP protection. Until recently only a normative framework of soft law and recommendations served to “guide” a number of States confronted with internal displacements. Our aim is to clarify the major changes offered by this new regional text. Finally, we will consider the remaining challenges to the protection of the IDP in the future, as climate change and natural disasters are expected to affect a growing number of displaced people around the globe.

This article argues that international law is less about some of the goals it purports to achieve (peace, justice, development, etc) than about perpetuating a certain theory of the legitimate subjects of international relations, namely states. Everything in international law is historically secondary to that cardinal goal. The article suggests that developments in recent decades have in some ways hardly made a dent in the legal (as opposed to sociological) centrality of the state, even as they ambition to restrain it and redefine sovereignty. International law is part and parcel of the construction of the state's monopoly of legitimate violence in the international arena; it grants the state a unique and unrivaled role in the governance of international law; and even its most reformist substantive projects tend to reinscribe the centrality of the state at every turn. The challenge is thus to explain the specificity of international law's state-centrism, as a mode of reproduction of forms even as the substance of goals changes. The article concludes by offering some thoughts on the difficulty of fundamental reform from within a normative system whose main goal is perpetuation of a certain order of power.

Following a political crisis and a non-international armed conflict that tore apart Côte d'Ivoire between November 2010 and May 2011, the government of Alassane Ouattara set up a dialogue, truth and reconciliation commission modelled on the Truth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRC). The reconciliation as transitional justice tool must overcome some obstacles, on conceptual as well as on practical grounds. This short study aims at raising the challenges surrounding the practice of the TRC through the analysis of their theoretical underpinnings and their implications on the ground. Two case studies, the TRC of Sierra Leone and Liberia, will be used as points of comparison to establish social and institutional challenges which will have to be taken into account by the police chiefs and the decision makers in Côte d'Ivoire. It appears that the reconciliation is an effective vehicle of transitional justice which must meet certain requirements resulting from their use in a post-conflict context.

Thomas Crow (1985) has established that the Academy's Salon was the theatre of an art crisis in the France of Louis XV. This has inspired a comparison between the tempests and shipwrecks of Claude-Joseph Vernet (1714–1789) and his series Les Ports de France (1754–1765), commissioned on behalf of the King by Marigny. In the first part of the article, we examine the popularity of the former paintings. After analysing the enthusiastic response of Diderot in his Salons, directly inspired by Burke's treatise on the sublime, we show that the success of these paintings was in their power to produce strong emotions in the spectator's mind. We then describe the perception of the sea in the eighteenth century in order to anchor Diderot's critique in a body of non-artistic representations. The popularity of Vernet's tempests and shipwrecks rests on a lack of social symbolism. This gives them a universal character with which, unlike the more aristocratie history painting, spectators of ail origins can identify. The last section deals with Les Ports de France. We begin by discussing the choice of landscape for such a prestigious work, which can be explained by the necessity to renew the image of the state. The choice of the seaport motif answered both the need of propaganda by imposing a unitary vision of France and the wish to recall Colbert's heritage. Finally we analyse how the King and the Salon received the series by concluding that it was ultimately a failure for political and aesthetic reasons.