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How should a small sample of individuals be selected for inclusion in an ethnographic case study ? Taking the example of a group of six boys who are at the heart of the analysis in the book Loyautés radicales, this study presents three composition strategies for assembling “good” cases : multiplying the points of synchronic comparison in a longitudinal study while paying attention to the variety of peaks and micro-gaps ; multiplying the points of diachronic comparison through a biographical analysis that carefully considers events, transformation and generational markers ; and multiplying the points of comparison between speech, beliefs and practices. As such, we can see how these types of comparison help shed light on controversial social practices—radicalization, delinquency, Muslim religious extremism—through the biographical concept of “the second zone.”

Keywords: Ethnographie, cas, trajectoire, biographie, radicalisation, Ethnography, case study, longitudinal study, biography, radicalization, Etnografía, casos, trayectoria, biografía, radicalización

In Quebec, civic community awareness practices that play a role in mobilizing and supporting local interventions, have been booming since the pandemic, and remain, to a large extent, to be documented. This article proposes to report on research that try to understand such practices implemented in 2 underprivileged neighborhoods in the North of the island of Montreal. The aim is to analyze these practices based on the experiences of the citizens and the stakeholders involved. The results identify factors favorable to the emergence of these local practices, such as civic engagement and respect for the mission of community organizations. A discussion makes it possible to problematize the tensions experienced between civic engagement and paid work and between public health and the missions of the organizations involved.

Keywords: pratiques de sensibilisation communautaire, activité de travail, engagement citoyen, intervention de proximité, santé publique

This article explores the mechanisms of adaptation and the creation of an indigenous entrepreneurial imagination during the implementation of an entrepreneurship training program in a cultural and social context different from that in which it was conceived. Through an ethnographic study in three Malagasy public vocational and technical high schools, with teachers responsible for implementing a Western-developed entrepreneurship curriculum, this article highlights the tensions between their cultural representations of the entrepreneur and education and those conveyed by the curriculum. It explains how the content and pedagogical models used are shaped during the construction of a common cultural meaning, and the role of the teachers' personal and professional identity in this process. In doing so, this study broadens our understanding of entrepreneurship models and definitions to include the imaginaries of African teachers tasked with transmitting Western values and practices and deepens our understanding of the influence of culture in this process.

Keywords: Éducation, Entrepreneuriat, Ethnographie, Postcolonialisme, Education, Entrepreneurship, Ethnography, Postcolonialism, Educación, Emprendimiento, Etnografía, Poscolonialismo

Guinea has a low COVID-19 vaccination coverage (28% as of 22 February 2023). Instead of seeing this low vaccination rate as a failure, we suggest discussing this as a local response to the global health agenda. This study is built on the ethnography of Guinea's vaccination implementation and was conducted by the authors from March 2020 to October 2020 in the capital and the country's interior. Healthcare stakeholders and individuals, both vaccinated and unvaccinated, were surveyed, and the political context under which the campaign was rolled out was analyzed. Far from being a homogeneous commentary by global healthcare stakeholders, we describe how the vaccination policy is dependent on multilateral and bilateral relations that shape its vaccination availability. Procuring input, the health situation and political tension associated with COVID-19 call into question the legitimacy of preventive measures, specifically vaccination. On the other hand, promised actions in the global health arena to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic (lockdown, vaccination) disregarded the political and biological conditions encountered by the virus in Guinea. By mobilizing the concept of situated biology (lock), the relevance of a universal agenda for global health must be discussed.

Keywords: Ethnographie, vaccination, biologie située, inégalités, COVID-19, santé globale, Ethnography, vaccination, situated biology, inequalities, COVID-19, overall health

While no vaccine can provide 100 percent protection, a high standard of regulatory safety, efficacy and quality is essential for public trust and the uptake of vaccines as essential global public health tools. This article addresses a growing concern that suboptimal “leaky” vaccines threaten emergency response to pandemics as well as routine public health programs. Agile regulatory standards now advance earlier approval of vaccines and therapeutics that may have suboptimal effectiveness. The benefit-harm tradeoffs that play an enormous role in regulatory assessment and all stages of vaccine development and delivery deserve better public scrutiny, transparency, and accountability. Drawing on the case of the first licensed malaria vaccine, RTS,S Mosquirix™, in light of the rapid approval of COVID-19 vaccines, we consider the socio-technical implications of leaky vaccines in global vaccine logics and suggest possibilities for building legitimacy to inform the next generation of regulatory technology policy.

Keywords: développement des vaccins, logique des vaccins, acceptation des vaccins, hésitation, confiance du public, réglementation, sécurité, efficacité, paludisme, vaccine development, vaccine logics, vaccine acceptance, hesitancy, public trust, regulation, safety, efficacy, malaria

International partnership research has undergone profound changes during the Covid-19 pandemic, which has forced international research teams to make methodological and strategic choices to ensure the continuity of projects. As part of a research project on transformative and gendered social policies in post-Covid-19 Africa, a team of two researchers from Canada and France and three researchers from Mali, Mauritania and Senegal conducted a research in partnership during the Covid-19 pandemic. The effective presence of researchers in the three West African countries targeted by the project allowed the achievement of research results despite the constraints related to mobility. In the end, the lessons learned from this North-South collaboration focus on interactions between team members, thus demonstrating the need to recognize and value the mutual skills of stakeholders in international development projects.

Keywords: recherche partenariale, politiques sociales, déhiérarchisation, Afrique, décolonisation, partnership research, social politics, de-prioritisation, Africa, decolonization

The Western industrial crisis of the 1970s and 1980s led to a rethinking of the economic model of urban development. The latter was then conceived through culture, arts, tourism, and events. The concept of the “creative city,” first known in North America, was taken up by the European Union. In 1985, this transnational organization proposed a label and program to cities called “European Capital of Culture,” with the aim of revitalizing the urban space through the creative city model. Beyond the cultural program, being a European Capital of Culture is synonymous with urban, economic, and social transformations. What role does the transnational actor play in the development of the European city and local government ? How do urban development actors adapt to this influential role ? The observation will be realized using the case of Marseille, an industrial city in transition toward the model of a cultural metropolis, and the analysis will be based on the neo-institutional sociological theory.

Keywords: organisme transnational, programme et label transnationaux, ville créative, métropole culturelle, transnational organization, transnational program and label, creative city, cultural metropolis

The study of the way Ossetian language is used in the urban linguistic landscape of the two respective capitals of North (Vladikavkaz) and South (Tskhinvali) Ossetia sheds light on the idea that Ossetians have of the place of their language, particularly in their relationship to Russian. On the symbolic level, Ossetian writings in the urban space refer to several clearly distinct functions: official administrative statutes, local advertising uses, educational uses with a social dimension, spontaneous individual developments (in particular graffiti). We will study a series of them, trying to see both what emerges from the idealized image projected, and what comes from a linguistic reality that is active or–what is also noticeable–endured. These dynamics mark both the general tendencies of the Ossetian language throughout Ossetia and the differences at work in the two entities, linked to the respective historical and political situations.

Keywords: Langue ossète, espace public, diglossie, signalisation, étude comparée, Ossetian language, public space, road signs, diglossia, comparative study