Documents found
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3011.
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3014.More information
Since 2013 and Edward Snowden's revelations, the problem of cyber (or digital) sovereignty has become a fundamental concern in Russia. The Russian authorities have adopted new policies in order to ensure the security of digital infrastructures around the country. Within this frame, new promotion policies for the development of Russian software have been launched by State actors and private corporations, which primarily beneficiate from them. A strategy of russification of the software programs used in Russia seems to have emerged in the form of new norms and regulations to regulate the design, functioning and usage of informatic tools. This new central -and strategic- position of the digital industry in Russia, which is designed to safeguard the interests of the Russian corporations and the State, both inside and outside the country, allows us to wonder if the country can now be regarded as an international digital power: did Russia become a cyber power ?
Keywords: Russie, numérique, puissance, stratégie, cyber, Russia, digital, power, strategy, cyber
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3015.
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3017.More information
Contemporary Muslim humanitarian practices are suffused with the language of religious solidarity. Yet historians and political scientists have shown that declarative claims of Islamic unity are not tenable and that the discourse of religious community (umma) serves ideological functions. More broadly, social-scientific attempts to understand the umma often founder on its theological repudiation of modern political categories (nation–state–territory). In contrast, drawing on fieldwork conducted with relief efforts in Jordan and as a contribution to the political anthropology of religion, this paper argues for another way of understanding the umma: not exposing the difference between ideal and reality but rather considering religious community through the form of its loss.
Keywords: Iqbal, islam, humanitaire, communauté religieuse, charité, oumma, unité, multiplicité, Iqbal, Islam, humanitarianism, religious community, charity, oumma, unity, multiplicity, Iqbal, Islam, humanitarismo, comunidad religiosa, caridad, umma, unidad, multiplicidad
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3018.More information
This article offers a reflection on the effects of right-wing energy populism in the contemporary United States. The power and influence of right-wing energy populism undermines the ability of the US to adopt a long-term and consistent decarbonization strategy, for four reasons: 1) It may cause decarbonization policies to be discontinued; 2) It partially shapes decarbonization policies put in place by Democrats, who are unwilling to be accused of destroying the American way of life; 3) It runs counter to Democratic claims to US climate leadership on the world stage; and 4) It makes it less likely that the US will accede to requests for financial aid for adaptation and mitigation made by many developing countries.
Keywords: Action climatique, changement climatique, climato-scepticisme, nationalisme, populisme, Climate Action, Climate Change, Climate Skepticism, Nationalism, Populism
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3019.More information
The French Conservatoire du littoral was created in 1975 to bring a balance between the building and the protection of the shores. The mission of this national public administrative agency is to buy coastal plots to protect and manage landscapes and natural habitats. Among the purchased plots, around 15% are agricultural land. But can the landscape and conservation missions of the Conservatoire du littoral cope with productive farming activities ? To manage certain habitats, the Conservatoire du littoral considers certain agricultural activities as necessary. It is the case of grasslands that require management by mowing and/or grazing. Other farming activities are sometimes tolerated or encouraged on Conservatoire du littoral lands. Contract specifications with ecological conditions are negociated with farmers to frame the practices. The article goes through the history of the preference for grasslands at the Conservatoire du littoral, while also presenting the other types of agricultural activities encountered on the agency's land. The aim is to present the series of questions and knowledge that led to the formulation and current development of the principles of action in agriculture at the Conservatoire du littoral.
Keywords: littoral, agriculture, nature, paysage, prairie, expertise naturaliste, cadrage, coastline, agriculture, nature, landscape, meadow, naturalist assessment, framing
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3020.