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How do residents of distinct regions of Quebec express their opinions on immigration? And what are the sources of such perceptions in each of these territorial contexts? This article explores these questions through an analysis of eight focus groups held in Montreal, on the North Shore of Montreal, and in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region in December 2017. We present two main conclusions. First, the discourse on immigration is much more negative in the suburbs of Montreal than in the Bas-Saint-Laurent or even in Montreal. Second, we interpret regional differences as the result of the relatively unique interaction between ethnocentrism and contact experiences in each of the territorial contexts.

Keywords:  immigration, opinion publique, Québec, régions, ethnocentrisme, contact, immigration, public opinion, Quebec, regions, ethnocentrism, contact

This article is about the emergence of French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa and overseas writings. It raises the question of their place in the landscape of French writing today. Indeed, this place should be obvious if we consider the historical heritage. One understands that these writings are quite logically part of the French hexagonal dramaturgies. After a historical overview of the different generations of authors and the circuits that have allowed them to emerge since the 1970s, the article questions the evolution of the relationship to performing arts institutions in recent decades. By proposing an inventory of the main authors currently noticed, it draws up a cartography, both editorial and institutional, which shows the interdependence between authors networks and French cultural policies, which are nonetheless unceasing to send them back to dedicated spaces. Contemporary authors from Africa and the diasporas are caught in an inextricable situation which comes from colonial history. In recent years, they have become real cultural players in their countries of origin, and it is through this that institutional partnerships are constructed with the so-called “northern” countries and that these writers and festival directors ensure their own visibility in the landscape of French and French-speaking dramaturgies which offer them publication and professional status. But why are they all the same so barely visible or reflected in spaces of the margin? What are the impacts of these phenomena on the aesthetic level? What explains such a situation and what still needs to be deconstructed in the Western representation so that these writings could be really understood and freed from a certain number of tasks which still and always stifle creation? The article tries to provide answers to this fusion-disjunction between “African and diaspora” writings and “French writings”.

Keywords: dramaturgie, Afrique, postcolonial, édition, sociologie des arts

AbstractVia an exploration of the relationships between institutions, political discourse and demographic change, this article puts the U.S. pension debate back into its historical and ideological context. It underscores the fact that, as in other countries, the prospect of an inescapable “demographic shock” is being advanced as justification for pension reform, which in the United States is often synonymous with “partial privatization” of the federal retirement pension system. An analysis of the unsuccessful campaign in favour of partial privatization launched by President George W. Bush soon after he was re-elected in November 2004 illustrates the weight of the institutional obstacles to this project as well as the omnipresence of a pessimistic demographic discourse in contemporary American political life.

This article re-examines French Canada's relationship with the Great War through a particular account: that of the journalist Paul Caron who enrolled in the Foreign Legion in 1914. A well-known anti-imperialist, the legionnaire wrote a series of letters from the front that were published in columns of the newspapers Le Devoir and Le Peuple de Montmagny between 1914 and 1917. By assuming the character of a French-Canadian “poilu”, the author offers a cathartic account which underlines the ambivalence of his fellow French-Canadians towards the ongoing conflict, rather than their refusal to participate in it. In this respect, his writings tell us less about the war than they do about the challenge to report it — what part of the horrors of the trenches to disclose? — all the while trying to respect his readers' expectations, particularly those of the nationalists — what war to tell? More than a mere factual report, the artefact produced by Caron reveals the burden and complexities of the cultural framework by which he and his contemporaries, whether they be English or French-Canadians, try to make sense of the war.

Keywords: Classes sociales, culture populaire, syncrétisme, yoga, genre, conscience

SummaryFor a good number of observers, both from the inside and the outside, Spain seems to constitute an extreme case of identification between Catholicism and the state. This paper, based on two very well documented recent works by M. Diaz-Salazar, professor at the Complutense University of Madrid, attempts to identify solidarities which link Catholicism with the living forces of modern Spain at three points in its history' : the beginning of the century, the triumph of national-Catholicism, and the return of a pluralistic and secularized society. This analysis poses a fundamental question and gives birth to the outline of a socio-religious theory of the sacred as a favored direction for explicative research. It is to be hoped that the detailed study of the social, political and religious evolution of Catholicism within a modern society may help us to better situate the real solidarities experienced by men and women - here and elsewhere - in this end of the century.

This article explores the tendency to utopian impulse in Léonora Miano's recent novels. Reading the two volumes of Crépuscule du tourment (2016-2017), La Saison de l'ombre (2013) and Rouge Impératrice (2019), the article shows that in each case fictional constructions which can be seen as heterotopias (Foucault) complicate social representations in the novels. Although masculine and feminine are two separate principles in Miano's thought, this complexity opens possibilities for some gender fluidity.

Keywords: Léonora Miano, Léonora Miano, utopie, utopia, hétérotopie, gender studies, masculine, études de genre, féminine, masculin, heterotopia, féminin

In both their impact and consequences, the scope of the early morning tragedies which occurred in New York, Washington and Pennsylvania on 11 September is as yet immeasurable. No one so far knows the exact number of deaths nor the extent and depth of human suffering caused by the kamikaze crashes into the twin tours of the WTC, nor the real costs of the material and financial fallout from the destruction and damage they wrought at ground zero and its vicinity. The events of 11 September now stand as the greatest catastrophe in the history of the insurance industry and of the United States of America. Two months later, the author examines the situation of the insurers and reinsurers at risk and the amount of insurance payments involved in all classes of insurance : life insurance, worker's compensation insurance, property insurance, business interruption insurance, aviation insurance, automobile insurance.Such an insurable event highlights the necessity for a fondamental review of the insurance and reinsurance principles underlying the way jumbo risks are subscribed to, rated, and written up; it underscores as well the need to rethink the use of traditional, financial or pooling mechanisms to cover political or terrorist risks.