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This paper critically examines the purposes and objectives of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (oif). While analysts debate whether the oif is a hegemonic or counter-hegemonic instrument of statecraft, we argue that it is an institution founded upon the principle of geopolitical ownership of a distinctive geocultural space. Its prime task, with regards to conflict resolution, is to help transfer responsibilities and capabilities from Northern to Southern member states. From this perspective, we contend that the oif has progressively taken charge of a distinct and necessary geocultural role with regards to international security.

Keywords: Francophonie, résolution des conflits, opérations de paix, Canada, France, Francophonie, conflict resolution, peace operations, Canada, France

More than five years after the beginning of the Arab Spring, the geopolitical situation in the Middle-East has significantly changed. This paper briefly analyzes Israeli perceptions of the changes in the region over the last several years and provides an overview of the newly emerged security challenges that Israel must cope with, including threats from ISIS, terrorism, war in Syria, and tensions in Lebanon and the Sinai. The Jewish state has always been under threat. However, its enemies have changed and new players have emerged. In light of these shifts, we look at the ways in which the Jewish state might rethink its defense doctrine, but above all, we examine how Israeli authorities and strategists feel about Russia's “arrival” (since its intervention in Syria in fall 2015) and Iran's “return” (following the nuclear agreement signed on July 14, 2015) to the Middle Eastern and international stages.

Keywords: Israël, Syrie, Égypte, printemps arabe, Iran, géopolitique, Israel, Syria, Egypt, Arab Spring, Iran, geopolitics, Israel, Siria, Egipto, primavera árabe, Irán, geopolítica

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the way in which France maintains its influence in the region of the African Great Lakes until today. In particular it highlights French politics in the framework of the Ruanda genocide and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo especially during its military interventions in 1977/1978 and in the context of different forms of military cooperation. The article comes to the conclusion that the role of France, characterizing itself as the advocate of Human Rights in the region, is rather that of a pyromaniac fire worker.

AbstractThis article verifies three epistemological hypotheses. The first proposes that human sciences, when studying a specific research topic, almost by necessity, take on an interdisciplinary approach. The second believes that, when scrutinizing a particular subject, human science papers tend to gravitate among a limited number of semantic categories. The third hypothesis suggests that both analytical and ethical standpoints are strongly associated. To verify these hypotheses, this paper analyses thousands of article abstracts published in pear reviewed journals pertaining to international organizations. All three hypotheses are confirmed.

Keywords: Organismes internationaux, complexité, pluridisciplinarité, interdisciplinarité, analyse de données textuelles, Intergovernmental organizations, complexity, pluridisciplinary, interdisciplinary, qualitative data analysis

This article analyzes the security challenges of conflicts in the Middle East and their impact on Iranian-Turkish relations, which are marked by differences over the issue of regional security based on divergent perceptions of national security, especially since the Syrian conflict. This study shows that shifting power relationships in the Middle East have created new security issues with political, military, economic and societal ramifications. On the one hand, the Middle East is facing a new form of struggle between regional powers—particularly Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey—and on the other, it is confronted with the activities of non-state actors involved in the war in Syria and Iraq. This new balance of power has created a security dilemma as the crises and conflicts in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen provoke a situation of chaos.

Keywords: Crises et conflits au Moyen-Orient, Turquie, Iran, sécurité, Crises and conflicts in the Middle East, Turkey, Iran, security, Crisis y conflictos en Oriente Medio, Turquía, Irán, seguridad

This study strives to analyze the impact of the notion of border in the political implementation of the French-speaking countries project.The study proceeds in three phases. It observes first how the specific rhetoric of the political speech pronounced in the official assembly of the OIF (Organisation internationale de la Francophonie) testifies through the effects of inclusion and exclusion, diverse views of the French-speaking project.Then, the study tries to demonstrate how the definition of the French-speaking project is torn between the respect for national borders and a temptation of a universalism strongly infused by mythology. The myth of Babel can be used here to observe a cultural field in which is built the modern approach of the French-speaking countries project.The study finally observes that the specific status of the French language is a carrier for modernity, but to propose a viable way, the French-speaking countries project has to explore new territories, by giving up inward-looking and old fashioned ideologies.

Keywords: Francophonie, analyse du discours, langue française, frontières, projet, Francophonie, speech analysis, French language, borders, project

Morocco's accession to the African Union finds its deep motivation in two considerations linked by a dialectical relationship. One, mediate and unacknowledged, lies in the evolution of relations of this country with Europe. The other, immediate and more or less assumed, is related to the Western Sahara affair. Indeed, this approach implicitly bears the consequences of the failure of the attempt to merge with Europe pushed to the extreme in the form of a “project of anchoring to Europe” which, relying on the Geostrategic situation of Morocco in the Mediterranean basin, was even a time presented as summarizing alone the foreign policy of this country. But also, by renewing its “African roots”, Morocco hopes to find, through new alliances, the political means of strengthening its economic power on a continental scale, and, perhaps, the springs of a final settlement of the Western Sahara litigation.

Keywords: diplomatie, géopolitique, Maroc, Union africaine, Union européenne, adhésion, intégration économique, diplomacy, geopolitics, Morocco, African Union, European Union, accession, economic integration

Keywords: Dialogue

The literature on Canada-us relations neglects works on geo-economics to understand Donald Trump's unpopularity in Canada during his term in the White House. Defining geo-economics as the importation of the logic of military conflict into the vocabulary and implementation of a state's economic and trade policies (Luttwak 1990), we draw on the work on “tabloid geopolitics” by François Debrix (2008) to characterize Trump's policy towards Canada as “tabloid geo-economics.” After describing the main pillars of this doctrine, including Trump's tendency to use the language and style of tabloid newspapers to describe Canada-us issues, we show how the billionaire transforms Canada-us relations by importing into the White House a vision of Canada that may not disappear entirely after he steps down as President.

Keywords: Donald Trump, Justin Trudeau, Canada, États-Unis, aléna, aceum, commerce, géo-économie, Donald Trump, Justin Trudeau, Canada, United States, nafta, usmca, trade, geo-economics