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Based on findings pertaining to the institutional behavior of six major and one middle powers in fourteen different cases, this article argues that in conflictual cases powers are careful and conspicuous in the way they resort to ISI; they tend to use them in order to orient these institutions in directions that coincides as much as possible with their preferences. In cases where powers seek to regulate security relations, the recourse to ISI seems to be less prone to careful judgements and more open to accepting unpredictable results. In the case of the Security Council's reform, there are major differences between major powers as to the issue of reinforcing the Council, but near total agreement on issues concerning its enlargement. The latter two positions stand in contrast with those of the middle power which maintains opposite views given its interest in a more radical transformation of the Security Council.