Documents found
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981.More information
What is the importance of the study of frontiers and boundaries in political geography ? It has changed with the evolution of the domain, was preeminent between the two World Wars when the prime concern was with the regional differenciation of the earth surface. The contemporary renewal of political geography results 1) from the analysis of the communication Systems through which power controls space, and 2) from the integration of perceptual and representation facts. With such a view, it is easy to explain the variety of boundary types as noted by traditional geography and to place them along an evolutionary scheme. It is equally possible to understand the multiple effects that the contemporary growth of all forms of mobility exerts on the boundaries.
Keywords: Géographie politique, frontières, limites, pouvoir, communication, mobilité, architecture spatiale, Policital Geography, Boundaries, Political Power, Communication, Mobility, Spatial Patterns
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982.More information
The functioning of any state depends upon a more or less stable equilibrium between centrifugal and centripetal forces. Nationalism and regionalism, in a certain way, summarize those forces. The Canadian state, born in 1867, has not succeeded in subsuming French Canadian and Anglo Canadian nationalisms into a superior Canadian nationalism. Hence, a struggle between these two nationalisms, the effect of which was to turn French Canadian nationalism into a "québécois" nationalism, which seeks complete political sovereignty of Québec. This first centrifugal force has been reinforced by that of regionalism. History, geography and economy made for strong regional diversifies in Canada. The political behavior of both the federal and provincial governments exacerbated them almost to a breaking point. These two combined forces imperil the very existence of a country which, from several other standpoints, has been a geographical success.
Keywords: État, nationalisme, régionalisme, Canada, Québec, State, nationalism, regionalism, Canada, Québec
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984.More information
AbstractSelf-proclaimed “the British Raj legatee”, independent India has until recently only developed a land-based defence strategy, relinquishing its maritime heritage and acting as a brown water Navy in charge of the security of its coasts, far from the chokepoints once patrolled by the Royal Navy. The emergence of a blue water navy has been a long and inconsistent process, slowed by budgetary constraints. India now needs to formulate a clear maritime strategy as a means of ensuring its economic development, which implies patrolling along the Indian straits.
Keywords: Inde, océan Indien, surveillance côtière, marine indienne de haute mer, détroits de l'Inde, stratégie maritime, India, Indian Ocean, brown water Navy, blue water Navy, straits of India, maritime strategy
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987.More information
This article discusses how the United States decided to ignore this country in their South American strategic design. For the reissue policy of balance of power towards curbing the Brazilian promotion and the Venezuelan draft, Washington chose to replace Argentina as secondary regional power. This was positive for the country as well as for the Latin American integration. But it also showed its loss of international influence. From a theoretical point of view, this work saw the change in regional policy and how Argentina was affected by that change. Also discussed are some of the reasons why the United States tried to deal with Argentina differently in their hemispheric plan, sending a signal that its power was not longer relevant.
Keywords: Amérique du Sud, plan hégémonique, Argentine, South America, hegemonic design, Argentina
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989.More information
Albeit the end of military dictatorship, a significant part of Chile's international affairs is still conditioned by some of the great principles established at the time. In spite of this, President Patricio Aylwin's administration was able to set up a relationship with other world countries different from that imposed under General Pinochet's regime. The nomination, in May 1994, of Eduardo Frei and a new Cabinet at the head of the country has led to another series of attempts to change the way international affairs are managed. The rate of success of such attempts depends upon the ability of the government coalition to go beyond the blind acceptance of international market forces, to set up appropriate negociations for Chile's membership in various world organisations, such as APEC, Mercosur and NAFTA, and above all, to break the barriers built by the upholding of important sectors of the former military regime.