Documents found
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131.More information
This article questions the compatibility of current forms of digitalization with injunctions to make an ecological transition by juxtaposing the current of degrowth and the political economy of digital technology. Framed through the mutations of capitalism brought about by the cybernetic revolution, growth is expressed on three levels: as an ideology, a social process, and a material process. What emerges is a joint, dynamic relationship between the imperative of growth and the imperative of digitalization, which translates into a logic of algorithmic governmentality and renewed extractivism. This article therefore offers several anchor points for the critical analysis of the growth imperative in the context of contemporary digitalization .
Keywords: croissance, décroissance, capitalisme cybernétique, numérisation, gouvernementalité algorithmique, growth, degrowth, cybernetic capitalism, digitalization, algorithmic governmentality, crecimiento, decrecimiento, capitalismo cibernético, digitalización, gubernamentalidad algorítmica
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133.More information
This article analyzes the discourse of decision-makers in the field of digital education in a given territory regarding digital school equipment. Explaining the school's mission, differentiated pedagogy and its approach within humanist ideology, the author uses discourse analysis to identify the conditions under which decisions are made. He attempts to characterize the postures adopted by these individuals in this specific decision-making space, as well as the justifications given for these decisions and the underlying ideology. The results show that market issues outweigh those of technique and pedagogy. This impediment requires differentiated pedagogy practitioners and researchers alike to adopt a critical stance that goes beyond technophilia or -phobia with regard to the values conveyed in the technological discourses and digital artifacts they are presented with.
Keywords: administration, analyse critique de discours (ACD), idéologie, marché, prise de décision, critical analysis discourse, decision-making, ideology, management, market, administração, análise crítica do discurso (ACD), ideologia, mercado, tomada de decisão
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134.More information
This review summarises the discussion during the 1st Bioethics Café of 2019, which focused on the theme: “Citizens and their connected objects: what happens to their data?” Three expert panelists and an audience of 70 people participated in this event. The discussion clarified the benefits that connected objects can have, such as empowerment and individual responsibility, but also highlighted some risks such as hyper normativity or the issue of obtaining valid consent. Potential solutions and regulations were proposed by the public and experts. This event was part of a series of three Bioethics Cafés held in Montreal and Quebec City on the subject of ethics, health and data.
Keywords: éthique des données, mégadonnées, intelligence artificielle, objets connectés, GAFA, transfert de connaissance, événement public, bioéthique globale, data ethics, Big Data, artificial intelligence, internet of things, GAFA, knowledge transfer, public event, global bioethics
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135.More information
This study compares the usage of Social Networking Sites (SNS) in two non-Anglophone settings. A longitudinal mixed-method approach was designed to gather data face-to-face with Gen Y and Gen Z participants in Lyon (France) and St Petersburg (Russia) between 2011 and 2018, by means of survey, forum and focus groups. The initial differences observed in user behaviour were no longer apparent by 2018. Noticeably similar user behaviour reflected converging SNS consumption. From the findings, we identify socio-technical changes that influence SNS usage, in order to produce a typology of user behaviours for identifying user segments.
Keywords: Gen Y, Gen Z, SNS (social networking sites) usage, ICT, Génération Y, Génération Z, utilisation des SRS (sites de réseaux sociaux), TIC, Generación Y, Generación Z, uso de SNS (redes sociales), TIC
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136.More information
Du point de vue d’une sociologie de la connaissance, la recherche contemporaine en intelligence artificielle tire son originalité de l’intérêt porté à la modélisation de la connaissance ordinaire, ce savoir engagé dans la vie de tous les jours (ex. aller l’épicerie, prendre son petit déjeuner). Les entreprises Facebook ou Google, le fameux GAFAM ainsi que les services de musique et de vidéos en ligne capturent et modélisent les faits et gestes du quidam afin de remettre les résultats de leurs calculs en jeu dans cette même vie courante. La recherche en IA porte également sur la mise en forme de savoirs savants et professionnels tout comme durant les années 1960 et 1970, mais cette thèse ne s’y intéressera pas. Dans le cadre d’une sociologie des …
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137.More information
This article delves into the nexus of Montreal's cluster of artificial intelligence (AI) startups in order to ascertain how its entrepreneurs craft their discourse and shape their vision of the technological future. The fascination with AI's prowess, to be explored in detail in this article, is in many ways reminiscent of William Gibson's famous quote that “the future is already here—it's just not evenly distributed.” I use the concept of a “sociotechnical imaginary” to describe how this community manages to capitalize on the potential of this technological future that is showing itself to be a veritable source of symbolic and economic wealth. This same entrepreneurial cluster has also been taking on a major role: that of embodying the messengers of humanity's technological destiny, at times even captivating attention with spectacular futuristic representations. I also discuss the phenomenon of “technological capital” to illustrate how this imaginary becomes part of the entrepreneur's professional identity, elevating him or her to the rank of prophet in society, conferring prestige and status. Visions of the future become ostentatious symbols of highly sophisticated technology, used to distinguish oneself and claim social superiority.
Keywords: intelligence artificielle, imaginaire sociotechnique, risques sociétaux, études de l'avenir, startup, entrepreneuriat, capital technologique, artificial intelligence, sociotechnical imaginary, societal risks, future studies, startup, entrepreneurship, technological capital
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138.More information
This interview with Hamid Mowlana (Professor Emeritus of the American University) aims to present to a French-speaking public some of his ideas and concepts. Hamid Mowlana is a well-known scholar who has contributed to the institutionalization of international communication and its recognition in communication studies. The interview lies upon some critical thoughts on the evolution of research in international communication, the debates and theories that cross the field as well as the methods that are mobilized.
Keywords: Hamid Mowlana, communication internationale, NOMIC, méthodes, Hamid Mowlana, international communication, NWICO, methods
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139.More information
Harnessing near-free resources - from roads to labor - Amazon is leveraging competition between territories to secure financial aid and tax exemptions to support its sales teams, hungry for deliverable goods. Cataloging, customer interfaces, data storage, warehouses, logistics - the company is widening the gap between the knowledge economy neighborhoods where it sets up its cloud and the post-industrial wastelands where an unskilled population serves its warehouses. Recently established in Washington, D.C., and a key player in the American social divide, Amazon is not helping to narrow it.
Keywords: États-Unis, Bezos, Amazon, commerce électronique, lobbying, territoire, Seattle, postindustriel, division social, Internet, mondialisation, travail, capitalisme numérique, exemption fiscale, United States, Bezos, Amazon, e-commerce, lobbying, territory, Seattle, post-industrial, social divide, Internet, globalization, labor, digital capitalism, tax exemption
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140.More information
The contexts in which SMEs are born, grow, develop or disappear have undergone significant changes in recent years. The challenges faced by entrepreneurs and SMEs are rapidly changing, while at the same time presenting new issues that cannot always be brilliantly illuminated by current knowledge. To sustain our economies weakened by so many disruptions, it is necessary for researchers to engage in reflections that sometimes aim to break out of the traditional frameworks of knowledge reproduction and dare to venture onto paths that are still untrodden. Classical theories and models developed in contexts that no longer exist must be questioned to better understand the reality of our research objects. This requires researchers to engage with original topics, but also by using new methods or deploying innovative research devices. The aim of this article is to propose several avenues of research at the forefront of the literature on SMEs and entrepreneurship to renew the body of knowledge in a few areas. These are likely to direct researchers towards avenues that offer real potential for novelty, not only scientifically, but also practically.
Keywords: PME, Entrepreneuriat, Perspectives, Transformation, SMEs, Entrepreneurship, Perspectives, Transformation, PyME, Emprendimiento, Perspectivas, Transformación