Documents found
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52.More information
Following Edward Snowden's revelations, end-to-end encryption is becoming increasingly widespread in messaging tools—solutions that propose a large variety of ways to conceal, obfuscate, disguise private communications and online activities. Designing privacy-enhancing tools requires the identification of a threat model that serves to agree upon an appropriate threshold of anonymity and confidentiality for a particular context of usage. In this article, we discuss different use-cases, from “nothing-to-hide” low-risk situations to high-risk scenarios in war zones or in authoritarian contexts, to question how users, trainers, and developers co-construct threat models, decide which data to conceal, and how to conceal it. We demonstrate that classic oppositions such as high-risk versus low-risk, privacy versus security, should be redefined within a more relational, processual, and contextual approach.
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55.More information
The COVID-19 health crisis marked the year 2020. The entire university community, university members and public service users alike, was not spared by this health emergency, which hit especially hard in France. This crisis, experienced as a real shock for some, generated several other crises within universities. Take, for example, the learning crisis experienced by students and members, who had to develop new professional practices, or the organizational crisis: how to ensure public service continuity? In this article, we build the case, through several signs found in our observations, that several types of changes, in the form of creative digital subversions, appeared in order to solve new problems: the arrival of new tools and new uses, the adaptation of modes of communication of digital governance, and finally, the development of the regulatory framework.
Keywords: Subversion numérique, transformation numérique des universités, gouvernance numérique, dynamique des mutations numériques, numérique, Digital subversion, digital transformation of universities, digital governance, dynamics of digital mutations, digital
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56.More information
This article presents the first results of a survey conducted by means of a questionnaire addressed to further education teachers that was put online on April 14, 2020, almost four weeks after the closure of the universities. It is part of an interdisciplinary research project, associating educational sciences and information and communication sciences, dedicated to the work of teachers and students, from kindergarten to university during this unprecedented period. In this contribution, the 1,040 responses to the questionnaire document the way in which out-of-school teachers have endeavoured to implement distance education as a matter of urgency. The article highlights the impact of pre-existing (formal and informal) and heterogeneous digital uses on teaching practices during the “moment of confinement”.
Keywords: Éducation, confinement, COVID‑19, usages numériques, numérique éducatif, enseignement universitaire, Containment, COVID‑19, digital practices, educational digitization, further education
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57.More information
This article aims to examine the techniques used for Donald Trump to gain access to power. With the analysis of the trajectory of Steven Bannon, we can show that there are two simultaneous aspects at play: one long-term cultural propaganda process and another short-term effect that has an important influence over events. This mirrors the distinction between alt-right and alt-lite that shows that Bannon is far from being the “dark prince” he is made out to be.