Documents found
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2871.
Évaluation du risque sanitaire de sols pollués méditerranéens : choix de variables et spatialisation
More informationThe concept of health risk needs to be compared with the notions of hazard, vulnerability, capacity and danger so as to consider it in an integrative way and choose appropriate variables for its spatialization. In this multidisciplinary reflection, we particularly questioned "how to integrate the physical sensitivity of the population when considering soil pollution in order to locate the most vulnerable areas in a context of health risk ? ". The Marseilleveyre massif located south of Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône) is adequate object of study for both semantic and spatial enforcements. Highly contrasted in its issues, this territory is at the same time included in the core area of the Calanques National Park (PNCal) and remains affected by a diffuse soil pollution resulting from past industrial activities located on the coast. This core area of the PNCal is however inhabited in its periphery and welcomes many users. A model of generalization of the methodology developed in this case study is then proposed in order to perform this production and this mode of visualization of the information which could constitute a precious base of aid to the consultation.
Keywords: modèle, sensibilité physique, méthode de visualisation, territoire protégé et pollué, métaux et métalloïdes, parc national des Calanques, model, physical sensitivity, visualization method, polluted protected area, metals and metalloids, Calanques national park
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2872.More information
This paper reports on a systematic literature review of CAIS/ACSI and ASIS&T conference proceedings to identify, analyze, and map the application of feminist theories, methods, and epistemologies across a sample of LIS research. We seek a better understanding of feminist theories in LIS to a) identify how/where it has been taken up (and not taken up); b) identify feminist research themes and influence over time and across subdomains; and c) to consider how to build on intersectional feminist theories and praxis in LIS to move toward a critical intersectional femiLISt movement that is embraced and embedded within our field.
Keywords: féminisme intersectionnel, intersectional feminisms, bibliothéconomie et sciences de l’information, Library and Information Studies, revue systématique de la littérature, systematic literature review
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2873.More information
Inspired by the phenomenon of social lending (also known as peer-to-peer or P2P lending), the traditional manner of effecting loans between individuals seeks to adapt to the reality of the 21st century. It its present Web 2.0 version, a person may make a loan to another person through a virtual lending platform, which acts as an intermediary. Unlike loans offered by traditional financial institutions, this Internet loan concept presents various forms. Its development has gained acceptance as a result of the last financial crisis which provoked a significant tightening of available credit. Even through the effects of the last credit crunch are less evident today, P2P Internet loans enjoy a certain popularity amongst Internet users, either in the pursuit of profit or for philanthropic purposes. Nevertheless, this new form of providing loans raises several regulatory issues.
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2875.More information
“Bossware” is software that monitors workers, tracking their activity and productivity in often hidden ways. This type of software has seen a surge of interest since the start of the pandemic, as managers attempt to retain oversight of workers in remote or distributed conditions. However, “bossware” is not monolithic but highly differentiated, with each product created by specific companies, with specific affordances, for specific purposes. This article thus builds a more articulated portrait of bossware by mapping the landscape. It first defines a schema based on the “expansiveness” and “invasiveness” of this software and maps key products along these two axes. It then develops a bossware typology ranging from spyware through to soft-bossware and productivity-ware, highlighting their differences in terms of data captured, userbases, perceived legitimacy, and existing safeguards. The article concludes by offering several approaches to investigating these technical regimes and stressing bossware as a site of both power and counterpower.
Keywords: bossware, employee monitoring, people analytics, future of work, productivity surveillance
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2876.More information
The general implications of AI for libraries are much discussed in library literature. But while this discussion takes place at the library-wide level, there are also important implications for subject librarians due to the specific uses of AI in different professions and areas of study. These are often overlooked as these specializations tend to publish in subject-specific journals. This article aims to address this research gap by providing a comparison and thematic analysis of this literature. Subject-specific library journals in the areas of law, health sciences, business, and humanities and social sciences were searched to identify relevant journal articles that discussed AI. 139 articles were identified and tagged with at least one category that reflected the nature of the discussion around AI. The following analysis showed that literature related to law had the greatest number of articles by far, though the publishing activity in all disciplines has increased significantly in the last 10 years. This article explores these trends to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the implications for subject-specific library work.
Keywords: bibliothécaires de liaison, artificial intelligence, bibliothécaires spécialisés, liaison librarians, intelligence artificielle, subject librarians, technologie, technology
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2877.More information
For several years now, the librarians at Université de Moncton have been teaching the Information Literacy / Library Research component as part of a mandatory introductory course offered to all first-year students in several faculties. As part of a study conducted in collaboration with the CompeTI.CA Partnership Network in 2016-2019, we collected and analyzed the perceptions of students participating in the course, as well as the observations and recommendations of librarians teaching it.Using a qualitative and inductive grounded theory methodology adopted by the Network and based on an inclusive and collaborative approach has allowed us to generate research data and practical recommendations. The conclusions derive from the analysis of the data collected, rather than from predetermined theories. Results suggest that this model of teaching information literacy as part of a course and its learning objectives seems to benefit students and contribute to their academic success. Optimization of the pedagogical structure of the course, placement tests, as well as the importance of a gradual and adapted approach to developing the information literacy skills are some of recommendations that emerge from this study.By publishing this article, we wish to make a modest contribution to the French-language scientific literature about the acquisition of information literacy skills by first-year university students, as well as the role of academic librarians in the teaching mission of post-secondary institutions.
Keywords: academic librarians, bibliothécaires universitaires, digital literacy, compétences informationnelles, information literacy skills, enseignement au premier cycle, surveys, littératie numérique, undergraduate teaching, questionnaire étudiant
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2878.More information
Halfway in between puppet, percussion instrument and toy, the jig puppet holds various names since the mid XIXe century: bonhomme gigueur in French Canada, jig doll in England and limberjack in the United States. Some believe it originated from the old type of dancing doll on a rigid board - known in european countries as marionnette à la planchette - since XVIe century. As with most objects from oral tradition, it would be unrealistic to hope to find its exact origin. Monique Jutras offers us a detailed assessment of the researches that allowed her to retrace the journey of this exceptional little wooden step-dancer. A fascinating object of folk art, both from an ethnological and artistic viewpoint, the jig puppet was until now a nearly unexplored research topic, despite its relative antiquity.
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2879.More information
It is generally accepted that Canadian universities are less stratified than their southern neighbours, a hypothesis popularized in the mid-2000s and verified by subsequent comparative empirical research. Through this piece, we revisit the Canadian “flatness” hypothesis, embracing a more sociological definition of status hierarchies and using social media followers as a focal proxy for status. Despite our theoretically based skepticism, adoption of an alternative status proxy, and use of more recent data, our analyses validate the flatness hypothesis. We theorize the implications of these findings, and our novel approach, for the study of organizational stratification in higher education.
Keywords: organizational stratification, stratification organisationnelle, enseignement supérieur, higher education, universités, universities, Twitter, Twitter
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2880.