Documents found
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3002.More information
Keywords: late Middle Ages, medieval science and medicine, medieval universities
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3004.More information
Under what conditions can the written, visual, or audio traces of online activities be used as research data without the consent of the individuals who produced them? This question, central to discussions about online research ethics, has been addressed by norm-setting bodies from the perspective of privacy. Yet the transposition of the private/public distinction to digital contexts raises several issues, mostly resulting from conceptual confusion. Attempting to clear this confusion, this article proposes five clarifications concerning the public or private status of digital traces with regard to their accessibility; the awareness of this accessibility by the people who generate these traces; the distinction between private and intimate; the links between content visibility and publicity, and the way in which publicity can be amplified by research.
Keywords: privacité, publicité, visibilité, données, traces numériques, éthique de la recherche, privacy, publicness, visibility, data, digital traces, research ethics
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3005.More information
How does the law deal with emojis, emoticons, and other digital pictograms that are intended to clarify or nuance a written text devoid of communicative tools like tone, facial expressions or gestures? Drawing on the fields of linguistics, semiology, communication theory and cultural studies, this article undertakes an empirical study of Canadian cases in order to shed light on the various ways in which emojis are conceived (notably from the point of view of international computing norms) and perceived. The article then analyzes the consequences of these findings for the law, particularly in the areas of procedural law, evidence, and legal research methodology.
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3007.More information
The notion of literacy is interesting for how it challenges the tendency to isolate the various components of transmitting and learning a first language (reading, writing, and oral communication). But literacy is also a multidimensional concept whose contours remain poorly defined. And even if the development of skills associated with literacy constitutes one of the major challenges in education, the term itself remains absent from the school curriculum in most French-speaking countries. In order to provide an overview of how the notion of literacy is used in these countries, we have recorded and analyzed the principal meanings assigned to the term by French-speaking researchers between 1985 and 2011, taking into account socio-cognitive, epistemological, and pedagogical perspectives. In doing so, we have identified several additional values that appear to be associated with the notion of literacy in French-speaking countries, values that point to a better understanding of how literacy differs from basic skills in reading, writing, and oral communication. Thus, literacy refers to a set of attitudes, facts, skills, and competencies, all of which must be measured or followed across time and space in order to evaluate personal development and the ability of individuals to fully participate in society. In this way, the notion of literacy encompasses several interdependent personal, professional, and socio-cultural dimensions essential for acquiring the ability to read and write and, by extension, for developing a robust conceptual framework for the study of French-first-language education and pedagogy.
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3008.More information
The COVID-19 pandemic, climate migration, and biodiversity loss are examples of contemporary crises which, as Van Rensselaer Potter suggests, would benefit from a rapprochement between Bio and Ethics in order to mitigate the damage. Future bioethicists will have to continue this Potterian quest by opening up the field of bioethics to new interdisciplinary collaboration and themes of study, going beyond biomedical technologies and the life sciences, to include business, corporations, finance, the market and human consumption, production and demography, all of which have significant influences on the local allocation of care and on the global future of ecosystems.
Keywords: éthique de l'environnement, savoir-faire, éthique des sciences, traduction, éthique en action, environmental ethics, know-how, science ethics, translation, ethics in action
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3009.More information
As blended learning moved toward a new phase during the COVID-19 pandemic, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology provided opportunities to develop more diverse and dynamic blended learning. This systematic review focused on publications related to the use of AI applications in blended learning. The original studies from January 2007 to October 2023 were extracted from the Google Scholar, ERIC, and Web of Science databases. Finally, 30 empirical studies under the inclusion criteria were reviewed based on two conceptual frameworks: four key challenges of blended learning and three roles of AI. We found that AI applications have been used mainly for the online asynchronous individual learning component in blended learning; little work has been conducted on AI applications that help connect online activities with classroom-based offline activities. Many studies have identified the role of AI as a direct mediator to help control flexibility and autonomy of students in blended learning. However, abundant studies have also identified AI as a supplementary assistant using advanced learning analytics technologies that promote effective interactions with students and facilitate the learning process. Finally, the fewest number of studies have explored the role of AI as a new subject such as use as pedagogical agents or robots. Considering the advancements of generative AI technologies, we expect more research on AI in blended learning. The findings of this study suggested that future studies should guide teachers and their smart AI partner to implement blended learning more effectively.
Keywords: blended learning, artificial intelligence, systematic review, AI in education
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3010.