Documents found
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3281.More information
The purpose of this study was to investigate how elementary teachers rate their level of self-efficacy and to examine the characteristics of school leaders influencing teacher self-efficacy, including when teachers worked from home during the COVID-19 school shutdown. On the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), all 287 participating teachers rated their self-efficacy in the high or moderate range. On the Principal Rating and Ranking Scale (PRRS), teachers reported that Communication, Inspiring Group Purpose, Consideration, and Empowering Staff were the most important characteristics of leaders related to teacher self-efficacy. The teachers interviewed reported that Communication and Flexibility were their principals’ most supportive leadership characteristics during the COVID-19 school shutdown, and that areas for improvement were more Communication, Situational Awareness, and Modelling Instructional Expectations. This work gives district leaders a clearer understanding of practices, strategies, and behaviours they can implement to improve teacher self-efficacy, teacher practice, and student achievement.
Keywords: connaissance par l’enseignant de ses propres capacités, teacher self-efficacy, enseignement pendant la COVID-19, COVID teaching, direction de l’école, school leadership, rendement scolaire, student achievement
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3282.
Bienvenidos A Bordo: From Task-Based Needs Analysis to Design: Spanish-Destination Flight Attendants
More informationThe aim of this task-based needs analysis is two-fold: firstly, to uncover the tasks performed by U.S.-based Spanish-language flight attendants and the associated language needs and, in doing so, to expand the breadth of task-based needs analysis (TBNA) through the application of multiple methods and sources (Long, 2005) and tackling the under-researched issue of transfer from TBNA to task design (Gilabert & Malica, 2021a; 2021b). A questionnaire-guided interview and online survey were used. Analysis of the extracted information illuminated the essential tasks and subtasks (Gilabert, 2005), including details regarding frequency, need for training, and language use. Findings suggest that each task and subtask requires varying amounts of Spanish, as well as knowledge of distinct linguistic dimensions. Triangulation of multiple sources and methods adds to the understanding of the tasks and language needs. Finally, suggestions as to how the outcome of this NA may transfer to task design are presented, hence extending the field of TBNA.
Keywords: languages for special purposes (LSP), need analysis, task-based language teaching, second language research methodology, spanish for specific purposes
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3283.More information
In 2022, researchers at Dalhousie University were surveyed to assess their understanding and practice of open scholarship. The survey was designed to answer these primary questions: what are Dalhousie University researchers' existing practices and levels of knowledge regarding open scholarship, and what is their awareness and perception of institutional support for open practices? Participants were recruited through direct email, blog posts, and newsletters from the Dalhousie Libraries, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Office of Research Services, and offices of the Associate Deans of Research.During the three-week period the survey was active,131 surveys were begun. As incomplete surveys were excluded from data analysis, the total analyzed sample size was 98. Descriptive analysis was conducted, as the number of responses was not representative of the Dalhousie University population.Most responses were from faculty, specifically in the Faculty of Medicine, followed by the Faculties of Science and Health. The majority of respondents reported sharing some type of scholarly output, though this varied by discipline and by material type. Informal sharing mechanisms were reported more frequently than formal repositories or publisher sites. Obstacles to open scholarship practices that were identified included concerns about investments of time, money, and education as well as concerns about institutional support and recognition. While many supports for open scholarship are available, there is a need to increase awareness.
Keywords: érudition ouverte, Open scholarship, libre accès, open access, open research, recherche ouverte, données ouvertes, open data, journal publishing, publication savante, researcher attitudes, attitudes des chercheurs
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3284.More information
In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards the integration of artificial intelligence features into records and archives management practices in order to improve the quality of recorded information and multiply the opportunities of its use by users according to their needs. This raises the question of whether we can speak about a fifth archival paradigm, that is, automation, which calls for a revision of the processes by which recorded information is created, processed, disseminated and preserved over the long term. Based on Cook's archival paradigms, this article aims to explore the way automation can be part of the continuity of these paradigms and how archivists and records managers should reinvent their roles in this context.
Keywords: archival paradigm, paradigme archivistique, artificial intelligence, archivistes, automation, transformation numérique, digital transformation, intelligence artificielle, automatisation, archivists, records managers
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3285.More information
The growing interest in professional development for teachers via massive open online courses (MOOCs) raises the need for identifying the existing gaps in the literature on the topic. In this literature review, we were able to identify 68 relevant studies. They mostly used mixed methods (57%) and surveys (82%), and only reported descriptive statistics (52%). They also tended to measure participants’ attitudes (41%) and engagement (40%). Based on our findings, we recommend that future researchers consider additional data collection and analysis methods (e.g., clickstream data, objective performance measures) and use correlational, longitudinal, and experimental designs.
Keywords: massive open online courses, scoping review, teacher professional development, in-service teachers
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3286.More information
Virtual Reality (VR) technology in learning activities assists in visualizing abstract phenomena of physics concepts. This technology supports the delivery of effective and meaningful learning experiences. The main objectives of this study, therefore, are to analyze the level of students' readiness to use VR technology in higher education, and to analyze the factors most affecting students' readiness to use VR technology in physics learning. The research employed a questionnaire-survey method with 127 physics education students from a university in Indonesia, distributed based on age, gender, study level, geographical background, and family economic status. Data collection uses a Likert-scale questionnaire containing ten factors of student readiness for using VR. Data analysis techniques included percentages, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and multiple regression. The results of this study indicate that the level of students' readiness to use VR technology falls into the intermediate category (71%). The two factors most influencing students' readiness, that were identified from the correlation coefficients, are the availability of access to VR devices and basic technical skills in operating VR technology. Students' readiness to use technology in learning serves as the basis for determining which steps should be prioritized to prepare for technology-enhanced learning, ensuring that the technology positively impacts the learning quality.
Keywords: impacting factors readiness, learning technology, physics learning, readiness level, virtual reality
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3287.More information
After the Israel-Hamas war erupted in October 2023, McGill University in Montreal was one of many North American institutions where students set up encampments in what they described as solidarity with the Palestinian cause. Some have linked this phenomenon to prior student movements, such as those during the Vietnam War or Apartheid in South Africa. But the earliest demonstrations at McGill associated with the Arab-Israeli conflict occurred during Quebec’s Quiet Revolution (1960-1970), a time of significant upheaval in the province. This included unprecedented unrest at McGill: in 1969, ten thousand people marched in “Operation McGill Francais,” a rally that was as much about the French language as it was about anti-colonial revolution. Focusing on this incident, a turning point in Quebec’s anti-imperialist movement, this paper considers the origins of Quebec-Palestine solidarity and analyzes the phenomenon’s impact on McGill–including its Jewish students. Understanding this historical context can shed light on the recent sensitivity of the Israel / Palestine debate at McGill and offer insight into the wider historiography of political tensions on university campuses.
Keywords: liberation-nationalism, solidarity, student radicalism, anti-imperialism, antisemitism, Zionism, anti-Zionism
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3288.More information
Keywords: Plantación de árboles, desposesión, Fondo Nacional Judío, limpieza étnica, táctica, ocultación
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3289.More information
Most previous studies on online surveillance have been conducted in long-time liberal democracies with limited experiences of explicit and intrusive state surveillance. This article explores the role of the historical legacy of totalitarianism or authoritarianism, embodied in generational experiences, in the formation of imaginaries of, and attitudes toward, contemporary state and corporate surveillance. We propose a theoretical hypothesis of the “surveillance survival paradox”: firsthand experiences of the past (totalitarian/authoritarian) surveillance regime do not lead to a greater fear or criticism of the contemporary regime; rather, it is the opposite. The article presents results from an original mixed-method study combining a quantitative online survey (N=3,221) with focus group and individual interviews (seventy-one participants) conducted among two generations (born in 1946–1953 and 1988–1995) in three European countries with different historical surveillance regimes (Estonia, Portugal, and Sweden). The quantitative analysis reveals significant cross-cultural differences in personal and mediated experiences of surveillance. Inter-generational differences in attitudes toward contemporary surveillance were surprisingly similar across the countries, with the older groups in all countries demonstrating higher tolerance toward online state surveillance, and the younger groups reporting higher acceptance for corporate dataveillance. The qualitative analysis reveals that perceptions of the past surveillance regime as more direct and dangerous overshadow sensitivities toward more abstract and covert risks related to the extended state and corporate surveillance in the contemporary datafied world. The results led us to formulate the “surveillance survival paradox” as a generation-specific, and probably also country- or regime-specific, phenomenon.
Keywords: Authoritarianism, Estonia, Portugal, Sweden, corporate surveillance, state online surveillance, totalitarianism, surveillance attitudes, digital privacy
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3290.More information
In the past three decades, North America has exonerated over 3,400 innocent people of crimes they did not commit—with nearly 300 of those exonerees being women. Recent years have seen a 700% increase in female incarceration, which could influence future rates of wrongful convictions among women as well. The existing literature on wrongful conviction disproportionately focuses on male exoneree experiences and stories, leaving female exoneree needs and experiences entirely unaccounted for. The following review identifies the relevant literature pertaining to the lived experiences of mothers, exonerees, and incarcerated women to address the gaps in the wrongful conviction literature and inform future research projects. Evidenced by this review is that systematic differences are leading to the wrongful conviction of women, women experience different pains of imprisonment and may be at a disproportionate risk of mental and physical health complications due to their wrongful conviction and incarceration. Future research must focus on the unique lived experiences of female victims of wrongful convictions to understand the mechanisms underlying their convictions, and their unique experiences of wrongful conviction, incarceration, re-entry, and victimization, to adequately inform policy and help in their re-entry and rehabilitation.
Keywords: Review of Wrongful Convictions, Wrongful Convictions, Victimization, Female Experiences, Female Victims, Re-Entry, Incarceration