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The development of digital collections deeply examines the roles and practices of library professionals. In this article, we will address the question of those new collections from the standpoint of both the professionals, and the users. We propose an analysis focusing on questions of choice and selection, of organization and classification and lastly, on services rendered to users. This analysis will draw on three characteristics of digital collections as being unstable, near-boundless and their heterogeneity. These three dimensions compel librarians to reconsider their position and role regarding the intellectual and organizational development of collections. We will also address the reception of these collections from the user's perspective. In fact, today's users are often confronted to offers that resemble the structure found in libraries. The membership model leads to a lump-sum scheme payment for access, versus ownership, to a wide bundle of digital resources, in constant evolution. The very rapid development of this type of model for most cultural industries, leads individuals, thus library users, to develop an apprehensive and exploitative form of digital literacy of those collections. This goes through innovative interfaces of exploration and mediation in which we find some recurring procedures, such as endless stacks and algorithmic recommendation. We conclude this article with a brief presentation of ongoing projects facing these issues and the necessity to roll out an in-depth reflection on the position of libraries in this new ecosystem.

Jarett Kobek's novel I Hate the Internet, published in 2016 in the United States and translated into French in 2018, offers us, through the narrator's political positions, a vision of an Internet that links the city of San Francisco through the media and economic devices of digital technologies. This link, as well as the consequences resulting from it in political and poetic terms, is what this article proposes to study.

Boris Razon's novel Écoute (2018) has the smartphone for subject. Under the pretext of a police surveillance, it shows the flow of data emitted by a crowd of anonymous passers-by in Paris. The text is presented by its author as a fictional reprise of Georges Perec's Tentative d'épuisement d'un lieu parisien (1975). The differences between the two versions allow us to reflect on the issues raised by the fictional representation of the Internet and social digital networks.

Introduction: Applicants to specialty programs lack guidance on knowing what exactly is desired by selection committees and program directors. Anesthesia is especially opaque, given its failure to provide transparency reports nationally. This study was developed to survey Canadian anesthesia program directors about the aspects of the application package desired in an anesthesia applicant. The primary objective is to identify the preferred attributes of anesthesia applications by those mandating the selection committees. Methods: Survey was developed via Google Surveys, and sent online over a period of two months in June and July 2020. All program directors were sent requests for filling in the survey. STATA was used for all statistical analyses. Two analyses, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests, were performed for comparison groups. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Fourteen of seventeen (83%) Canadian anesthesia program directors completed the survey. Having done an anesthesia elective, good performance in it, and excellence of preclinical academic performance were considered among the most important aspects of the application package with the highest ranking important and smallest standard deviation. Any form of red flag was also considered an important criterion, again with little variation among program directors. The reference letters selected by the applicants were also important, with a personal relationship and well written reference being identified as most important (p < 0.05). Conclusions: An applicant who has good academic performance, having anesthesia elective experience, personal, well-written reference letters, and general activity and interests that are not necessarily anesthesia-focused would be favoured by Canadian anesthesia programs.

Information and communication technologies (ICT), or digital technologies, have become an integral part of higher education globally. The literature is dominated by studies from major industrialized countries where technology has been widely adopted in the education sphere. Using a survey constructed based on previous research, the present paper explores the rate and determinants of ICT use in a post-Soviet country with a considerable lag behind the Western education system. The survey, based on a convenience sample of 191 students from two urban universities in Azerbaijan, found that the most frequently used device is the mobile phone. While the majority of survey respondents accessed technology for free at their institution, only around half of the sample has had training on the use of technology resources. Nevertheless, the majority of students feel confident about using ICT, suggesting that they have developed the necessary skills through alternative methods, such as self-learning or peer support, even in the absence of formal training. Linear regression analysis suggests that the students' ability to use ICT has a significant positive impact on their rate of ICT use.

Keywords: Information and communication technologies (ICT), digital technologies, post-Soviet higher education, Azerbaijan, Technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC), technologies numériques, enseignement supérieur en ex-Union Soviétique, Azerbaïdjan

Far from being neutral intermediaries, digital creative tools such as Word, Power Point, Facebook, Instagram or Gmail materialize the “mind models” advocated by their creators and owners. From the first works of net art to the “third generation” works of digital literature that are written and published on social platforms, how do the authors negociate with these models? I discuss in this article historical examples (Annie Abrahams, Don’t touch me ; Jean-Pierre Balpe, “Rachel Charlus”) and examples drawn from my own research and creation practice (Böhmische Dörfer, Nouvelles de la Colonie), relying on a techno-semiotic methodology.

Keywords: Réseaux sociaux, Récit, Littérature numérique, Dispositif, Fiction, Interaction, Données, Recherche-création, Modélisation, Social networks, Narrative, Digital literature, Device, Fiction, Interaction, Data, Research-creation, Modelling

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is becoming increasingly present in scientific research, in the form of chatbots like ChatGPT, which facilitate discovery, analysis and writing. The first part of the article reviews the complex architecture of artificial intelligence, and the socio-ethical benefits and risks associated with its use in academia. A selection of virtual assistants classified by function is proposed, along with an evaluation grid for these tools. Generative technology acts as a catalyst for profound changes in information culture, calling into question methods of information retrieval and intellectual property over algorithmic content. The second part focuses on AI literacy and its intersection with information literacy, highlighting gaps in the literature and the need for further study. Artificial intelligence being a cumulative, highly specialized and highly controversial phenomenon, university libraries are not yet equipped to implement this technology wisely, hence the importance of setting up a new competency framework and a training program adapted to the information and documentation professions.