Documents found
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3471.More information
The purpose of this study is to investigate how an inter-organizational community of practice (IOCoP) manages the paradoxical effect between collaboration and competition. The literature highlights the potential of their logic for the development of collaborative innovation but do not explore the competition dynamic within theirs members. The analysis of an IOCoP composed by innovative startups in Brazil shows the reinforcement of internal regulations when new competing members integrate the community. Indirect and external modes of regulation are also expressed. Due to the complementarity of these regulatory modes, the IOCoP is seen as a facilitator for coopetition relationships.
Keywords: communauté de pratique inter-organisationnelle, innovation, coopétition, régulation, inter-organizational community of practice, innovation, coopetition, comunidad de práctica interorganizacionale, innovacion, coopetition
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3472.More information
In a 2017 interview, Microsoft founder Bill Gates recommended taxing robots to slow the pace of automation. Funds raised could be used to retrain and financially support displaced workers. Up to 47 per cent of US jobs are at risk by advancements in artificial intelligence. Low-wage workers currently hold a majority of those at-risk jobs. Increased automation is likely to exacerbate income inequality.While employment changes due to automation are not new, advances in artificial intelligence threaten to eliminate many more jobs than were eliminated historically through automation. Accelerated automation presents two problems: a revenue problem and a human problem. The revenue problem exists because the tax system is designed to tax labour more heavily than capital, as labour is less likely to be able to avoid taxation. Capital investment, on the other hand, is taxed more lightly because capital is mobile and can escape taxation. When capital becomes labour, as in automation, the bottom falls out of the system. The human problem is first that most people need income from working to survive. Some scholars have advocated for a governmentally provided universal basic income (UBI). Taxing robots could in theory provide revenue for a UBI, although any source of revenue would work just as well. While a UBI would solve the survival problem, humans need more than basic survival. In his classic work, psychologist Abraham Maslow listed survival as the foundation of his hierarchy of needs. Work satisfies the higher order needs of social identity and self-esteem.The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), enacted in December 2017, significantly cut the US corporate tax rate, from 35 per cent to 21 per cent. In addition, TCJA increased tax benefits for purchasing equipment (which would include automation) by significantly enhancing bonus depreciation. The new tax legislation continued and deepened the existing tax bias towards automation. This article explores policy options for solving the revenue problem and the "jobs" problem, including a discussion and critique of UBI proposals and recommendations for other policy options, such as an enhanced earned income tax credit, incentives for employers, and reviving an idea from the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps.
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3473.More information
Reports of population blooms of the freshwater jellyfish (Craspedacusta sowerbii) in lakes across North American are becoming increasingly frequent. However, because they appear sporadically in space and time, their distribution ecology, and the environmental factors that trigger their proliferations are poorly understood. The objectives of the present study were to determine the spatial distribution of, and the environmental factors associated with, C. sowerbii blooms in Québec (Canada), with the goal of better predicting future blooms of this exotic species. The lakes in the province that had been invaded by C. sowerbii up until 2014 were mapped, and data concerning their maximum depth, area, perimeter, altitude, water transparency, and the concentrations of chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus in the water, were compiled and analyzed. Over the study period, C. sowerbii was detected in 88 lakes across Québec; these were mainly located in the Laurentides, Outaouais and Estrie regions, where lakes are particularly abundant. The statistical analyses used showed that blooms of the freshwater jellyfish in Québec were most frequently observed in lakes with a surface area greater than 2.8 km² and a concentration of total phosphorus in the water of less than 14.77 µg/l.
Keywords: lacs, méduse d'eau douce, phosphore total, prolifération, superficie, area, blooms, freshwater jellyfish, lakes, total phosphorus
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3474.More information
This article addresses several topics related to Niagara County, New York: the steamboat Caroline and its destruction and how Americans responded; the secret Hunter's Lodges and, more specifically, their support for the notorious rebel, Benjamin Lett; incidents connected to Navy Island; William Lyon Mackenzie's son James; Alexander McLeod's trial; and the legacy of the Patriot War.
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3475.More information
The multiple conceptualizations of learning assessment have led to a wide variety of practices, and it is difficult to determine which ones promote student learning. The purpose of this research is to attempt to identify best practices in formative assessment in the context of elementary and secondary education. A systematic review, which identified and analyzed 35 articles, revealed five practices that are recognized as being effective in promoting student learning in the classroom. Two other practices appear promising but require further research. Implications for policies, practices and research are discussed.
Keywords: pratiques évaluatives, évaluation des apprentissages, évaluation formative, données probantes, enseignement primaire et secondaire, assessment practices, assessment of learning, formative assessment, evidence, elementary and secondary education, prácticas evaluativas, evaluación de los aprendizajes, evaluación formativa, datos probatorios, enseñanza primaria y secundaria
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3476.More information
Entrepreneurial finance is a field of knowledge specific to the entrepreneur / SME that considers their peculiarities in the analysis of financial issues. Despite having benefited from the advice of experienced researchers to promote its emergence, it is not yet well “installed” in academic circles. We can see, from an international survey completed by 149 researchers, the lack of common references and the predominance of certain theories and methods which reflect more the ideology of classical finance. These results lead us to make some proposals that promote the production of knowledge useful to practitioners.
Keywords: Finance entrepreneuriale, PME, entrepreneuriat, enseignement, connaissances, Entrepreneurial Finance, SMEs, entrepreneurship, education, knowledge, Finanzas empresariales, PYME, empresariado, desarrollo empresarial, espíritu empresarial, entrepreneuriat, entrepreneurship, docencia, conocimientos
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3477.More information
This article contributes to reflections on students' relationship to writing (RW) in the second-language context of Allophone immigrants, for which it proposes the designation RW+. The text is based on a Quebec study regarding the effects of producing plurilingual identity texts on the RW+ of eight Allophone immigrant students with severe educational delays in a secondary-school reception class (experimental group: n=4; control group: n=4). Individual interviews and participant observation are used to describe the participants' RW+ and to determine the effects of the new approach, which, in contrast with the traditional educational practices observed in the control group, is associated with the development of a more positively connoted RW+. This results, among other things, in the students' greater engagement.
Keywords: français langue seconde, élèves immigrants allophones, rapport à l'écrit, littératie, textes identitaires plurilingues, french as a second language, allophone immigrant students, relationship to writing, literacy, plurilingual identity texts, francés como segunda lengua, estudiantes inmigrantes alófonos, relación con la escritura, alfabetización, textos de identidad plurilingües
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3478.More information
Traditionally, legal documents are verbally drafted and formulated especially for and by lawyers to protect their clients in the case of a dispute. However, the signing parties should understand the contents of the documents as well. If they, for example, are unable to do that for some reason, the traditional verbal format of an employment contract becomes problematic. In order to solve the problem, Robert de Rooy, a South African lawyer, developed a comic contract, a visualised format of a contract for a client of his. In my article, I examine how traditional contracts can be translated into comics without losing their value as legally binding documents. The main aim is to discuss, how a traditional employment contract has been translated into visuals, focusing on the issues of the context(s). The analysis will indicate how the main contents of the labour law are transferred into a comic contract following the conventions of the visual language of comics. This leads to a clear, understandable and unambiguous—thus accessible—legal document, which helps the signing parties to understand their rights and duties as employers and employees.
Keywords: accessibilité, contrat en bande dessinée, contexte, traduction intersémiotique, multimodalité, accessibility, comic contract, context, intersemiotic translation, multimodality, accesibilidad, contrato-cómic, contexto, traducción intersemiótica, multimodalidad
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3479.More information
The purpose of this research is to understand the impact of the school context compared to the Scouting context on the Leadership attitudes (valued-based leadership) of the adolescents. The study was conducted on a judgment sample, consisting of 600 students and 231 Scouts enrolled in upper secondary school in Rome (10th and 11th grades). The instruments used are the Educational Context Perception Questionnaire -ECPQ and the Socially Responsible Leadership Scale-SRLS to which we added a dimension of Leadership.The analyses indicate that the educational context has an impact on the valued-based leadership development of the adolescents and show statistically significant differences in favor of the Scouts, relating to both the environment perception and the development of leadership attitudes. The differences in outcomes related to gender, having or not having responsibilities at school, enjoying or not enjoying school, being seen as a good or a bad student, are also presented.
Keywords: Leadership fondé sur des valeurs, Social change model –SCM-, Educational context perception questionnaire-ECPQ, enseignement secondaire, scoutisme, Value-based leadership, Social change model-SCM, Educational context perception questionnaire-ECPQ, High school, scouting, Liderazgo basado en valores, Social Change Model-SCM, Educational Context Perception Questionnaire-ECPQ, enseñanza secundaria, scouts
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3480.More information
The starting point of our work is a lack of clarity in defining what is an inclusive school and, more specifically, in one of its important components, ‟acting together”. A review of recent scientific literature, French and English, allows an analysis of these concepts and of the various uses made of them. The review based on scientific essays from renowned databases (ERIC, Medline, PsycINFO et SocINDEX, CAIRN) showed 26 texts that mentioned “acting together” and inclusive schools. The analysis confirms that the two notions are rarely used separately and that recent studies uses them together without clear definitions, even though they belong to different paradigms.
Keywords: école inclusive, partenariat, élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers, recension, collaboration/coopération, inclusive school, partnership, pupils with special educational needs, review, collaboration, cooperation, escuela inclusiva, alianza, alumnos con necesidades especiales, recensión, colaboración, cooperación