Documents found
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341.More information
Keywords: archive, écriture
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342.More information
This paper discusses the impact on public sector innovation of the two most significant overarching policy developments in the last five years: economic stimulus in response to the global financial crisis, and austerity intended to reduce government deficits. The former's focus on immediacy limited the extent stimulus funds could support public sector innovation. Austerity had a mixed effect: a positive impetus to find new service delivery mechanism, but a negative impact due to the reduction of slack used to support innovation. The paper also presents results of a study of applications to the 2010 Innovations in American Government Awards that replicates the author's 1998 book Innovating with Integrity. The most significant difference observed is a much greater salience of interorganizational partnerships, including those involving shared funding, now than two decades ago.
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Based on their personal experiences within the local communities that have rallied against proximity services that Google is attempting to install in many European suburbs, the authors analyze active resistance mechanisms and the role of documentation as a means of political action. This text invites an anthropological understanding of transmission and its current potential for networking technology. Following Habermas, the text highlights the paradox of writing's technologization, in a positivism that drives us towards democracy's paralysis. Anchored in experiences relating to common and resistance writing, this text recursively addresses its hypothesis, as an action-research, that is to say an emancipation of the written via an undoing and an appropriation of writing tool environments (technical, economic, legal), in order to counter their limitations.
Keywords: documentation, wiki, modernité, Jürgen Habermas, technique, recherche-action, théorie/pratique, documentation, wiki, modernity, Jürgen Habermas, technology, action research, theory/practice
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Following Edward Snowden's revelations, end-to-end encryption is becoming increasingly widespread in messaging tools—solutions that propose a large variety of ways to conceal, obfuscate, disguise private communications and online activities. Designing privacy-enhancing tools requires the identification of a threat model that serves to agree upon an appropriate threshold of anonymity and confidentiality for a particular context of usage. In this article, we discuss different use-cases, from “nothing-to-hide” low-risk situations to high-risk scenarios in war zones or in authoritarian contexts, to question how users, trainers, and developers co-construct threat models, decide which data to conceal, and how to conceal it. We demonstrate that classic oppositions such as high-risk versus low-risk, privacy versus security, should be redefined within a more relational, processual, and contextual approach.
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Since the last decade of the twentieth century, internet access has become a sine qua non for businesses. IT as well as online commerce have been growing fast over the past decades, and many other sectors also depend more and more on internet access; even industrial services such as design and warehousing, to name but two examples, rely on and benefit from cooperation at a distance. The global boost in teleworking and particularly teleconferencing following the Covid-19 pandemic has shown how important reliable connections are.
Keywords: regional economic growth, internet access, broadband
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This paper focuses on the translation of a collection of seventeen prefaces for different editions of the book Our Bodies, Ourselves (Chatterjee 2008/2020, translated by Nicolella, Oliveira et al.). The translation project is part of a collective and voluntary translation agreement made between the State University of Campinas, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and an NGO (Coletivo Feminista Sexualidade e Saúde) to translate and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the widely known book Our Bodies, Ourselves (The Boston Women's Health Book Collective 2011). Two points were discussed more thoroughly: first, the importance of paratexts (Genette 1987/1997) and paratranslation, especially the intersemiotic interpretation of the text and the image of the book cover (Yuste Frías 2022; 2021; 2011); and second, inclusive language use (Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul 2014), considering that the masculine form is the standard in Portuguese while the translation project concerns a feminist book (Davis 2007). We present four examples of translations made by students with the support of CAT tools and revised considering a more inclusive language usage. In the final remarks, we will discuss that the translation project provided the integration between translation practice and theoretical discussions underlying this practice. We will also point out some challenges and discussions still ongoing in Brazil.
Keywords: Our Bodies Ourselves, preface, feminist translation, paratranslation, inclusive language, Our Bodies Ourselves, préface, traduction féministe, paratraduction, langage inclusif, Our Bodies Ourselves, prefacio, traducción feminista, paratraducción, lenguaje inclusivo
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How could we consider the digital space and give full account of its structured, moving, and simultaneously collective attributes ? How could we find a device that enables an open dialogue, which allows us to understand the meaning of digital infrastructures without any impoverishing essentialization ? This e-exchange appeared to us the most appropriate way to theorize and create an act of thought that fits in with the digital culture and allows a critical eye on it. For about a year and a half (from September 2015 to March 2017), we shared questions and answers, trying to identify the digital world's characteristics — its spaces, times, political challenges —, in continuity with the philosophical dialogue.
Keywords: adresse, accès, administration, pratiques (de détournement), hacking, distinction homme - machine, algorithmes, address, access, administration, (hijacking) practices, hacking, man-machine distinction, algorithms
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Connectivity has become in a few years the unsurpassable horizon of all sociability. But its main operators, and particularly Facebook, have shown neither the willingness nor the ability to guide their services according to the exchanges most favorable to the enrichment of interpersonal relationships. The global strategy of the major digital media groups is indifferent to the effects of their location in many societies where the circulation of rumors has deleterious effects. From Kenya to Brazil and from Burma to the United States, we see the challenge of avoiding digital outbursts during election campaigns or political crises that social networks exacerbate rather than temperate.
Keywords: Facebook, Afrique, intox, ingérence, élections, Facebook, Africa, fake news, propaganda, elections
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350.More information
Objective – Libraries have had to temporarily shut their doors because of the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in the provision of online and remote services. This review analyzed services offered by libraries, the technological tools used, and the challenges facing libraries during the pandemic. Methods – This study employed a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA checklist (Moher at al., 2009). The Building Blocks search strategy was employed to search for keywords of concepts in Library and Information Science Abstract (LISA), Library and Information Science Technology Abstract (LISTA), Library Science Database, Web of Science (WoS) core collections, and Google Scholar. A set of inclusion and exclusion criteria was pre-determined by the authors prior to database searching. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (Hong et al., 2018). A tabular approach was used to provide a summary of each article allowing the synthesis of results, which led to the identification of eight broad categories of services provided by libraries in included studies. Results – The first set of searches from the 5 databases produced 3,499 results. After we removed duplicates and applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on titles and abstracts, 37 potentially relevant articles were identified. Further screening of the full-text led to the final inclusion of 23 articles used for the qualitative synthesis. The majority of the studies were conducted in the United States of America (n= 6, 26.1%), followed by India (n=4, 17%), and China (n=2, 8.7%). The remaining studies were carried out in United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Mexico, Romania, Czech Republic, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria, Lesotho, and Zimbabwe. The most common method used in selected studies was the case study (n= 11, 48%), followed by survey (n=7, 30.4%), content analysis (n=4, 17.4%), and mixed methods (n=1, 4.3%). The majority of the studies were carried out in academic libraries (74%), while the rest were based on medical, public, and special libraries. Findings show that the majority of academic libraries in the included studies are providing and expanding access to electronic resources (n=16, 69.6%) and increasing open access resources and services (n=11, 47.8%). More so, most academic libraries are assisting in virtual education and teaching endeavors of faculty and students (n=13, 56.5%). In addition, some medical and public libraries are bolstering public health safety through health literacy (n=12, 52.2%), supporting research efforts, and engaging in virtual reference services, among others. In order to carry out these services, libraries are harnessing several educational, social networking, communication, and makerspaces technologies. Most of the libraries in the included studies reported budgetary challenges, and the need for new ICT infrastructure and Internet service as they move their services online. Conclusion – This review found that libraries are adapting in a number of ways to continue their roles in meeting patrons’ needs in spite of the growing challenges posed by COVID-19 restrictions and lockdown. For libraries to thrive in these trying times, there must be a well-structured approach to ensuring continuity of services. Libraries should prioritize the acquisition of electronic resources as well as increase their efforts to digitize resources that are only available in printed copies. As library services have predominantly shifted online, there should be concerted effort and support from government and funding agencies to equip libraries with the technological facilities needed to provide cutting-edge services. The quality assessment of the included studies shows that there is need for rigor and transparency in the methodological description of studies investigating library services provision in a pandemic. This review provides an overview of the ways libraries have responded to the challenges posed by a global pandemic, and hence will be of use and interest to all librarians especially those in health and academic sectors.