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Keywords: Abduction, pragmatisme, doute, croyance, recherche qualitative

Based on the professional trajectory of the 24 most significant Canadian think tank members, we examine the links between them and the political-administrative sphere. Specifically, we look at the revolving doors between think tanks, the public administration, and political parties, with the premise that this proximity is likely to increase these organizations' legitimacy in the eyes of public decision-makers. We also look at the links between think tanks and different sectors of economic activity, this time based on the idea that these groups can serve as a relay for certain industrial actors, reconfiguring lobbying as traditionally conceived. Our results show that, indeed, the phenomenon of revolving doors is very present in the world of Canadian think tanks; furthermore, some of them are well positioned to link certain industrial actors to the political-administrative sphere.

Keywords: think tank, lobbyisme, portes tournantes (revolving doors), politique canadienne, think tank, lobbying, revolving doors, Canadian politics

Our aim is to propose a typology of Crowdsourcing practice that can be used both for researchers and practitioners. We show that Crowdsourcing should not only be viewed as an original way to organize innovation; we propose a typology of CS practices based on the nature of the task which is crowdsourced. Three types of tasks are considered: simple task, creative task and problem solving. Our work offers a key to understand issues related to the business models of CS, such as the participants' motivation or trust relationships between the company and the crowd.

Keywords: crowdsourcing, innovation ouverte, externalisation, web 2.0, connaissance distribuée, crowdsourcing, Open innovation, outsourcing, web 2.0, distributed knowledge, crowdsourcing, innovación abierta, externalizacion, web 2.0, conocimiento distribuido

AbstractStudents have always been integral in the development of the university in Canada. Driven by personal, professional, and political agendas, student experiences, understandings, and narratives helped construct the academic and intellectual cultures of universities. In their relationships with professors, administrators, and the spaces they inhabit, students crucially contributed to the university as a historically vibrant idea and social institution. As cast by the students, the university was clearly expressed in variant and creative ways through the annual yearbook. In particular, within the yearbook, the practice of parody in cartoons and caricatures was powerful in depicting the imagined worlds of academe as seen through the students' eyes, and importantly how the students saw themselves and their life on campus. Using yearbooks from three universities — Toronto, Alberta, and British Columbia – visual images are studied that reveal underlying intentions to comment, marginalize, ridicule, and esteem groups of students according to both ascribed and self-imposed socialized hierarchical structures and codes of expectations and behaviour. Among the universities, the visual satire was consistent in tone and image, exposing the historic place and activities of students in the early university and in society, the contingent formation of student identities, and the nature of the pursuit of academic knowledge and credentials by youth in early-twentieth Century Canada.

In this article, the authors are based on the main publications, in French and English, of (cyber)violence against women, referenced between January 2000 and April 2020 on digital indexing platforms in the social sciences. They aim to show the characteristics of cyberviolence against women, the digital channels that are most used by attackers, the way in which digital technologies perpetuate relations of domination between the sexes and the initiatives deployed on social media to denounce, support and support women victims of violence.

Keywords: agentivité, rapport sociaux de sexes, réseaux sociaux, violence structurelle, violence envers les femmes, agencia, relaciones de género, redes sociales, violencia estructural, violencias contra las mujeres

The research presented focuses on the problem of cyberbullying. It would like to provide an answer to the following question: To what extent the publication in social media of a video about cyberbullying among adolescents is a citizen action? Based on the thinking of the philosopher Habermas, we define a citizen action as an act situated in a given sociohistorical context, which aims to respond to a given social problem by mobilizing knowledge and technical means and whose primary purpose should be the transformation of society. Three individual interviews and 14 focus groups with 75 teenagers attending a youth center were conducted. Their analysis show that adolescents do not make the transformation of society a priority when they produce videos on a social theme such as cyberbullying and that they give little importance to the need of documenting the discourse content in their videos. Their video productions, therefore, can not be considered as civic actions in the strict sense. The results also show that adolescents are attracted by the appropriation of video languages and techniques and by public recognition. Educational priorities based on these findings are proposed. In particular, it is suggested to integrate basic notions of social psychology within any media related teaching, as adolescents tend to think that mass communication targeting a large population can result in rapid and widespread social change.

Keywords: cyberintimidation, adolescents, action citoyenne, critique, éducation aux médias, cyberbullying, teenagers, citizen action, criticism, media education

Dictionaries ideally should address the needs of particular types of users. Their micro and macrostructural design should be oriented towards what user groups need to know about words and the uses that will be made of such knowledge. One specific use for dictionaries is the activity of translation. From the perspective of professional translators, dictionaries should allow for creativity and dynamicity in text production, providing solutions for changing communication needs. Dictionary-making for such a purpose can and should benefit from insights into words and meanings from other fields. Interdisciplinarity in Lexicography is just one example of how other fields interact in Translation Studies. In this paper we analyse how working in an interdisciplinary way is crucial to developing useful lexicographic and terminographic tools for translators and how methodologies, such as corpus-based work and experimental methods should be combined to offer converging evidence of different aspects of use and processing. We illustrate such work methods with examples from real lexicographic projects.

Keywords: lexicographic tools for translators, process-oriented translation studies, product-oriented translation studies, experimental methods, collocational meaning, outils lexicographiques pour traducteurs, études de traduction orientées vers le processus, études de traduction orientées vers le produit, études expérimentales, sémantique des collocations

Guimarães Rosa describes as an “irrational autobiography” his novel Grande Sertão : Veredas (1956) – the hero, Riobaldo, is a bard/poet who submits to a Faustian pact to take over Hermogen (the arbitrary sign) and finally receive Otacilia (the literary prize) ; however, this ends at the cost of Diadorim's loss (Deodoron, God's gift : the soul). At the same time, in a poetic register close to holographic oraliture, Guimarães Rosa claims to have written his masterpiece in a state of possession. And while he adjourned, by admitted and claimed superstition, his entry into the Brazilian Academy of Letters for four years, he mysteriously died three days after the ceremony. Enigma or staging ? By means of factual clues carefully planted on the interpretative paths, and following a scenario completely new in the universal history of literature, the novelist composes in minute details an autobiography irreducible to a version that would be permanently framed by graphic printing: this autobiography can only be conceived in the poetic space of oraliture (in its collective and gregarious social manifestations, beyond the universe of the printed letter). In order to transform his own existence into a living legend and to avoid the hazardous incompleteness of the human condition (as well as the reductive limitations that mark the advent of the written text), Rosa narrates the story of a life (his own), under the pretext of a “death foretold”, through a textuality that is exclusively accomplished in the imagination of her readers.

Funding agencies in North America and Europe are now committed to the promotion of a culture of sharing of qualitative interview data. This shifting perspective has proven to be controversial in some disciplines, especially where group authority and identity rest on fieldwork rather than on the secondary reuse or analysis of “other people's data.” This article focuses primarily on the interpretative and creative value of online oral history databases or living archives, as well as their public or political value. In the twenty-first century, oral history archives need to be sites of data circulation and digital curation as well as living repositories dedicated to long-term preservation.

Trust is the basis of the traditional governance model stemming from the industrial revolution based on vertical logic. This model of governance has been questioned on several occasions following the numerous financial scandals since the Enron debacle in 2001. Blockchain technology offers the potential to evolve this governance model by enabling the creation of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). A DAO is an organization that operates through a set of smart contracts that establish and provide governance rules to an organization. These rules are transparent and immutable because they are written in a blockchain network. Following an in-depth research of the DAO case, this study shows certain important DAO governance issues.

Keywords: Blockchain, Chaîne de blocs, trust, confiance, smart contracts, contrats intelligents, decentralized governance, gouvernance décentralisée, decentralized autonomus organizations, organisations décentralisées autonomes