Documents found
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3611.More information
In 2015, France recognized hematological malignancies, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), as an occupational disease resulting from pesticide exposure. The IARC of the WHO then declared glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides to be genotoxic and probably carcinogenic. In the United States, 125,000 American victims of NHL attributed to Bayer-Monsanto's Roundup have filed lawsuits against the company, while 2.5 million pages of declassified internal documents, the Monsanto Papers, illustrated the incredible manipulations to conceal Roundup’s dangers and to subvert the evaluation and regulatory systems. After three costly convictions, Bayer-Monsanto signed a partial out-of-court settlement of $11 billion and withdrew Roundup from the U.S. domestic market. The structural increase in pesticides, from 2.3 to 4.1 million tons from 1990 to 2018, contributing to the 385 million cases per year of serious and unintentional poisoning, and their threatening impacts on the climate, biodiversity and planetary limits, require going beyond the compensation of certain diseases to highlight the responsibilities of producing firms, regulatory bodies and public authorities : This is the core of this article focused on glyphosate-based herbicides (HBC), the first pesticides in the world, in Canada and Quebec and their links with certain cancers, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
Keywords: Herbicides à base de glyphosate, Glyphosate-based herbicides, santé, health, travail, labor, politiques publiques, and public policy
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3612.More information
Domestic violence (DV) is an important issue for workplaces, both from the point of view of productivity and workplace safety. However, in Québec and Canada, the concept of DV as a dimension of occupational health and safety (OHS) is relatively recent. Few studies on DV and work focus on interventions, and even fewer on those of a preventive nature. This study contributes to filling this gap. It presents the results of a series of interviews with key informants in different Canadian jurisdictions where OHS legislation addresses DV. The study suggests that, for legislation to achieve its goal, awareness of DV in workplaces is an essential element. In addition, community resources specialized in DV have a crucial role to play in the implementation of the legislation.
Keywords: Violence conjugale, Domestic violence, Santé et sécurité du travail, Occupational Health and Safety, Femmes, Women and Regulation, Régulation
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3613.More information
Objective – The Depository Services Program (DSP) provided printed Government of Canada publications to libraries until the termination of its distribution program in 2013. Full Depository Libraries (FDLs) received all eligible publications distributed by the DSP automatically. This study endeavours to determine whether academic library members of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) that were formerly FDLs have maintained their print, federal government holdings since 2013; and what the results of the data collected in this study reveal about access to government information in Canada more broadly. Methods – The study identified a sample of 100 monographs distributed to FDLs via the DSP between 1979 and 2009. Each monograph was then searched for in the public catalogues of former FDL CARL member libraries to determine current holdings. Results – Most libraries included in the sample did not have records of all 100 publications, but every publication was located in at least 5 libraries and 12 publications were found in all libraries included in the study. Of the libraries in our sample, 1/3 had retained more than 90 of 100 publications, and 3/4 had retained at least 80. Conclusion – The redundancy that was a cornerstone of the DSP network still exists to a certain extent and should be leveraged to ensure retention and access to these essential materials for years to come. Existing collaborations and partnerships are well positioned to support a pan-Canadian discussion about preservation of and access to historical federal government information in Canadian libraries and library networks.
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3614.More information
Collaborative water governance in Indigenous territories requires the building of a nation-to-nation relationship where different water worldviews and knowledges are acknowledged, valued, and included in water governance. This article presents the Mistawasis Nêhiyawak Honour the Water Governance Framework, an alternative collaborative water governance approach in Saskatchewan, Canada. The Nêhiyawak principles, identity, knowledge, and self-determination are its foundation. Equitable dialogue is the central axis. The framework represents an alternative water governance structure to the current Canadian system that may more effectively respond to the water challenges of this First Nation. This framework supports the appeal from Mistawasis First Nation and other Nations, for the de-construction of hegemonic colonial water governance systems towards the co-construction of shared processes of water participation, decision-making, and responsibility.
Keywords: water governance, collaboration, Indigenous ontologies, dialogue
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3615.More information
Keywords: didattica cooperativa, apprendimento cooperative, glottodidattica, linguistica italiana, educazione linguistica
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3616.More information
Through in-depth interviews with 22 university and college faculty who taught during COVID in 2020, this study examines symbolic violence and symbolic nonviolence in higher education using the post-qualitative method, thinking with theory. The concept of symbolic nonviolence, the intentional and systemic practice of recognizing and absorbing symbolic violence to transform the habitus, resulted from this study. During an inequitable pandemic which caused low grades, plagiarism, and exiting, faculty practiced three types of symbolic nonviolence: non-academic support, academic adjustment, and disciplinary superpowers, which increased communication and social support for students, provided services that institutions were unable to provide, remediated students academically, adjusted academic expectations to be more suitable to pandemic learning, and taught students how to transform the world using tools unique to their disciplines. Symbolic nonviolence practices have the potential to transform the reproduction of exclusionary practices in the institution of higher education, improving academic success and social mobility.
Keywords: COVID, College teaching, symbolic violence, symbolic nonviolence, thinking with theory, post-qualitative, Bourdieu, Kingian nonviolence
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3617.More information
For this special theme issue, the editors ask, “the creation of human-centred workplaces or workers running out of breath?” To answer this question, we chose to discuss the challenges related to work and employment over the next decade with the arrival of the industrial revolution 4.0, also known as Industry 4.0. We have the goal of answering the following question: “And what if Industry 4.0 proves to be a period where the pendulum swings back in favour of workers in the 21st century?” Our discussion of this question is organized around three challenges related to the management of human resources: the demographic reality, the need for investment and training, and, at the heart of this paper, that the political climate will likely influence national, regional, and local governance. This governance will affect workplace organization, in turn impacting people and their relationship to work. The ability of workers and their representatives to act requires a shared diagnosis of the nature of problems and solutions. All that will be negotiated, as much as with employers as with the various political entities, will depend on the willingness of each of the parties to be able to listen to and respect each other.
Keywords: Révolution 4.0, portrait générationnel, disparité, marché du travail, syndicat
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3618.More information
Objectives To describe the different issues surrounding the integration of peer support workers (PSW) and family peer support workers (FPSW) into early intervention for psychosis services (EIS): their roles, the impacts of these interventions for patients, their families, and treatment teams, as well as the challenges and facilitators of this process.Method This article, co-authored with PSW and FPSW, presents a description and discussion of the experience of implementing peer support and family peer support in EIS in Québec, supported by a perspective of a review of the scientific and grey literature published in French or English in the last twenty years.Results Eight of the 36 scientific articles and two of the 14 grey literature publications selected were specific to early intervention for psychosis; the remainder were on mental health intervention. These publications put into context the experience described by clinicians, PSW and FPSW, and illustrated by clinical vignettes. Different modalities of peer support have demonstrated a positive impact on young people with early psychosis: it contributes to the improvement of self-esteem, quality of life, emotional well-being and can facilitate the rehabilitation process and reduce hospitalizations. Family peer support can reduce the stigma surrounding mental health problems, foster hope and a sense of belonging, increase knowledge of the illness and its treatment, and promote better coping strategies by family members. Nevertheless, many challenges have been identified during the integration of peer support and family peer support within clinical teams: planning and funding the implementation of services, defining their roles in EIS, training, clinical supervision, etc. These challenges need to be identified and addressed quickly in order to optimize care for youth and their families. Various strategies have been proposed for the successful implementation of peer support in EIS, which remains limited in Quebec and in the French-speaking world. It requires the participation and support of all stakeholders, including health professionals, managers and decision makers.Conclusion Peer support and family peer support emphasizes lived experience as expertise, recognizing the contribution of people with psychosis and their families as sources of support and models for recovery. This perspective fits well with the philosophy advocated by EIS. This promising intervention, which has been put forward by various national policies or guides, would benefit from being rapidly implemented on a larger scale in Quebec EIS and in the French-speaking world. This would make it possible to study the positive impacts described for service users and their families with more rigorous research designs and larger samples.
Keywords: pair-aidance, pair-aidance famille, santé mentale, premier épisode psychotique, patient-partenaire, programme d'intervention précoce, rétablissement, peer support, family peer support, mental health, first episode psychosis, patient partner, early intervention services, recovery
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3619.More information
Objectives This article aims to synthesize the critical stages in the development of early detection and intervention services (EIS) for psychosis over the past 30 years, and to review key literature on the essential components and effectiveness of these programs.Method We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the international development of EIS leading to its endorsement as a service delivery model for young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). We also reviewed various international and Canadian guidelines to identify consensus about the essential components of EIS for psychosis and their effectiveness. Challenges to the implementation of these different essential components are presented, along with practical solutions to addressing them. A particular emphasis is placed on implementing EIS in the Quebec context.Results Based on a model developed in the early 1990s, EIS for psychosis have now been disseminated worldwide and are deployed on a large scale in some regions, such as the United Kingdom and Quebec. The model's gradual expansion has been facilitated by efforts to identify its main objectives and the components essential to achieve them, and by several studies demonstrating its effectiveness.Along with an important philosophical shift to optimism and hope, EIS have typically focused on the twin aims of reducing treatment delay (or the duration of untreated psychosis) and enhancing engagement in specialized, phase-specific, developmentally appropriate treatment. A meta-analysis (published in 2018) demonstrated the superiority of EIS for psychosis compared to standard treatment on several outcomes including hospitalizations, relapse of symptoms, treatment discontinuation, and vocational and social functioning. Based on these studies and expert consensus, many jurisdictions around the world have developed guidelines to ensure compliance with essential components that are associated with the effectiveness of EIS, while accounting for their contextual realities. The components that have been prioritized include outreach to enable early identification and referral; rapid access to care and youth-friendly services; a range of biopsychosocial interventions (pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, family interventions, integrated substance use interventions, employment and educational support); a shared-decision making approach; and the intensive case management approach adapted to FEP, which are all delivered by an interdisciplinary team. There is also increasing acknowledgement of the value of continuous evaluation that informs treatment decision-making and quality improvement. Conclusion EIS for psychosis have developed gradually and research has demonstrated its effectiveness. Disseminating the model in ways that ensure fidelity to its core values and the implementation of its essential components is needed to ensure effectiveness; and instill hope for recovery and improve the quality of lives of young people with psychosis and their families.
Keywords: intervention précoce, détection précoce, premier épisode psychotique, composantes essentielles, implantation de programme, early intervention, early detection, first-episode psychosis, essential components, program implementation
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3620.More information
Along other breakthroughs in computer sciences, such as artificial intelligence, virtual characters (i.e. digitally represented characters featuring a human appearance or not) are foreseen as potential providers of mental healthcare services. However, their current use in clinical practice is marginal and limited to an assistive role to help clinicians in their practices. Safety and efficiency concerns, as well as a general lack of knowledge and experience, may explain this discrepancy between the expected (sometimes futuristic) and current use of virtual characters. An overview of recent evidence would help pinpoint the main concerns and challenges pertaining to their use in mental healthcare. Objective This paper aims to inform relevant actors, including clinicians, on the potential of virtual characters in mental healthcare practices and to raise awareness on societal challenges regarding their use.Method A narrative literature review was conducted to summarize basic and clinical research findings, and to outline an in-depth discussion on various societal caveats related to the inclusion of virtual characters.Results Basic studies highlight several characteristics of the virtual characters that seem to influence patient-clinician interactions. These characteristics can be classified into two categories: perceptual (e.g. realism) and social features (i.e. attribution of social categories such as gender). To this day, many interventions and/or assessments using virtual characters have shown various levels of efficiency in mental health, and certain elements of a therapeutic relationship (e.g. alliance and empathy) may even be triggered during an interaction with a virtual character. To develop and increase the use of virtual characters, numerous socioeconomic and ethical issues must be examined. Although the accessibility and the availability of virtual characters are an undeniable advantage for their use in mental healthcare, some inequities about their application remain. In addition, the accumulation of biometric data (e.g. heart rate) could provide valuable information to clinicians and could help develop autonomous virtual characters, which raises concerns over issues of security and privacy. This paper proposes some recommendations to avoid such undesirable outcomes.Conclusion Due to their promising features, the inclusion of virtual characters will no doubt be increasingly prevalent in mental healthcare services. All involved actors should thus be informed about specific challenges raised by such breakthroughs. They should also actively participate in discussions regarding the development of virtual characters in order to adopt unified recommendations for their safe and ethical use in mental healthcare.
Keywords: personnages virtuels, avatars, agents virtuels, santé mentale, psychothérapie, virtual characters, avatars, virtual agents, mental health, psychotherapy