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Population growth and urban development in the South renew research topics on agriculture. Advantageous in some respects, urban agriculture entails many risks, especially those related to the quality of irrigation water and to urban farmers'practices. The article illustrates the case of Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar, where watercress, which is highly appreciated by the consumers, had a growing development in the lowland of the city. This activity creates high income and can be practiced all around the year. However, health risks associated with its conditions of production are numerous : use of waste water and urban effluents, questionable practices of some farmers and traders. A multidisciplinary research program has studied this situation. A survey on consumption showed that methods used by households from Antananarivo for watercress preparation are suitable. Furthermore, microbiological analyses of the product at the production level and in households are reassuring. However, some issues remain unresolved. A qualitative survey reveals a duality in the image of the product : consumers are indeed shared between, firstly, their good appreciation of organoleptic and nutritional qualities of watercress and, secondly, their fear of disease related to the conditions of production they witness. The problem of safety is real because of the subjectivity of consumers that could, at worst, turn away from this product, at best, ask questions about the quality of their diet.

Keywords: Antananarivo, Madagascar, agriculture urbaine, cresson, irrigation, sécurité sanitaire des aliments, Antananarivo, Madagascar, urban agriculture, watercress, irrigation, food safety

AbstractThis paper examines the history and development of Machine Translation (MT) applications for the Arabic language in the context of the history and machine translation in general. It starts with a discussion of the beginnings of MT in the US and then, depending on the work of MT historians, surveys the decline of the work on MT and drying up of funding; then the revival with globalization, development of information technology and the rising needs for breaking the language barriers in the world; and last on the dramatic developments that came with the advances in computer technology. The paper also examined some of the major approaches for MT within a historical perspective. The case of Arabic is treated along the same lines focusing on the work that was done on Arabic by Western research institutes and Western profit motivated companies. Special attention is given to the work of the one Arab company, Sakr of Al-Alamiyya Group, which was established in 1982 and has seriously since then worked on developing software applications for Arabic under the umbrella of natural language processing for the Arabic language. Major available software applications for Arabic/English Arabic MT as well as MT related software were surveyed within a historical framework.

Keywords: Arabic, historical perspective, Machine Translation (MT), Sakr

The impact of COVID-19 on tourism has been enormous across the globe. The successful recovery of the tourism industry at the local, national, and global levels is strictly dependent on the efficient contention and mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic at the global level and on the capacity of tour operators, governments, and other actors to generate complete trust among tourists. In this article, we examine the biosecuritization of Lisbon (Portugal) and the efforts carried out by the administration to preserve the city as a COVID-free urban destination. In this sense, we will examine two main strategies that have received little attention from the scholarly community, namely (i) the strengthening of repressive, punitive, and criminalizing policies against suburban working-class youths ('the perilous') within the scope of guaranteeing a COVID-free city for tourists ('the untouchables'), and (ii) the (in)governance of the urban night of Lisbon during the current pandemic. In the last section, we will argue how mobility restrictions, lockdowns, and nighttime curfews have shown us how central culture, arts, entertainment, and leisure are for not only the cultural and social life of many young and adult people in Europe but also for their socio-emotional wellbeing.

Keywords: COVID-19, biosecuritization, pandemic politics, tourist city, Lisbon

This article will provide both practical and critical insights into contemporary library service practices using the UBC Okanagan service model redesign as a case study. In 2018 the service desk at UBC Okanagan Library was redesigned into a service zone with a fundamental goal of increasing the prominence of complex library services. By improving the visibility of research support within a newly conceptualized service zone, we addressed inclusivity through design and staffing practices while facilitating campus engagement through programming. This article offers a contribution to the ongoing discussion of consolidated service models and challenges the profession to continue experimenting with service model design and delivery in order to support diverse library patrons in an increasingly neoliberal university environment.

Keywords: Comptoir de service, Référence, Prêt, ibliothèques universitaires, Conception de comptoir de service, Néolibéralisme, reference, circulation, academic library, service desk design, neoliberalism

Over the past few decades, partnerships and programming between secondary school and post-secondary librarians and libraries have been widely discussed in library literature. These collaborations often exist to help high school students develop information literacy (IL) skills and to provide a smoother transition to university-level research. This paper examines the current high school outreach activities at Ontario university libraries that aim to bridge the gap between high school and post-secondary education. The purpose of this research, conducted through online surveys and interviews with academic librarians in the province, is to provide a snapshot of high school outreach activities and to highlight the benefits and challenges of such programming. It also examines why some libraries no longer offer such activities or programs. This analysis of the variety of outreach activities aims to generate discussion and ideas that academic libraries can use to connect with high school libraries.

Keywords: outreach, information literacy, academic libraries, high school, partnerships, collaborations, sensibilisation, maîtrise de l’information, bibliothèques universitaires, écoles secondaires, partenariats, collaborations

As part of a research on the application of open science principles to the field of bioeconomy, we conducted a scientometric study of the scientific production of France in this field, for the period 2015 to 2019. The study identified 1,913 publications in the Scopus database. We analysed this corpus under different aspects: types and sources of documents, with volumetry and impact; authors, organisations and institutions; sources of funding; degree of internationality and openness (open access). The discussion focuses on the terminology and sources of such a scientometric study, on the accessibility of publications and on the position of France in this field. The conclusion proposes some recommendations for conducting a similar study, particularly for information professionals.

Keywords: bioeconomy, bioéconomie, open access, libre accès, open science, science ouverte, scientométrie, scientometrics

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated school closures across Quebec. Educators shifted to online learning and complied with COVID-19 safety measures for in-person teaching, impacting the implementation of Quebec’s Sexuality Education program. Drawing on responses from a sample of 165 in-service teachers working in English school boards across Quebec, this study discusses the challenges that characterized teaching sexual health education (SHE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data analyzed in this study consist of teachers’ responses to one qualitative question: How has the COVID-19 situation affected your teaching and incorporation of Quebec’s comprehensive sexual health education curriculum in your classroom? The results indicate that educators taught less SHE during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a lack of time and other core curriculum subjects taking precedence. Other challenges were present, including a lack of clarity from school administrators on how SHE should be implemented, reduced ability to supplement SHE classes with guest speakers, difficulty facilitating discussions due to students’ home environments, and decreased student engagement. Despite these barriers, teachers felt that teaching SHE during the COVID-19 pandemic was important and expressed the need for more pedagogical development and training opportunities to improve SHE both online and in person.

Early childhood education is rooted in developmentally appropriate practice and play-based learning curricula. In the 21st century, practitioners experience tensions when they are unsure of how to navigate digital childhoods while being confronted with contradictory information. For instance, early learning frameworks recognize the need for children to develop digital literacy skills, yet pediatric societies recommend limiting screen time. Thus, practitioners are left without best practice guidelines that would help them embed technology into early learning environments through pedagogies that align with play-based learning. This review examines research to date on age-appropriate and playbased uses of digital technology that could more naturally fit in preschool and kindergarten classrooms while also highlighting the potential benefits of using tablets in early learning classrooms.

Keywords: early learning, digital literacy, multimodality, digital childhoods, screen time

The 2007 Australian Northern Territory Emergency Response policy was harmful to the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. We thematically analysed 72 speech acts and reports from the three prominent perspectives: a Northern Territory government inquiry report, the Federal government, and an Aboriginal civil society coalition to examine how framings during the policy agenda setting phase constrained or supported scope for equitable health outcomes. The report authors and the coalition emphasised colonisation and other social determinants of Indigenous health. The Federal government used a discourse of pathology and white sovereignty. Our findings highlighted the need for Indigenous voice in policy making, and the need to address colonial assumptions underpinning policy framings to achieve Indigenous health equity.

Keywords: Indigenous, social determinants of health, policy, agenda setting, Australia

The rising cases of violence against children (VAC) have prompted strategies, laws, and policies to protect Ugandan children at the grassroots, subnational, and national levels. Despite the emergence of various strategies by different VAC actors who network formally and informally to address VAC, the functionality of their networks has not received adequate attention in previous research. We conducted a qualitative study to examine the dynamics of networking for VAC in Uganda. We collected data using interviews with network funders and leads at the national and subnational levels and focus group discussions with grassroots and community members. Our findings reveal that VAC networks belong to two broad categories: formal and informal. These exist side by side, usually operating in parallel, but sometimes with crisscrossing and overlapping activities. While the work of formal network actors is better resourced and recognized, and more visible, informal network actors are invisibilized in government plans, philanthropic efforts, and scholarly research. A more collaborative and inclusive VAC networking system would be instrumental in enhancing VAC prevention and response.

Keywords: violence against children, child protection, children’s rights, civil society networking, formal networks, informal networks