Documents found
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511.More information
The museums' interest for using information technologies in the transmission of cultural heritage can no longer be denied. Although the motivations and advantages for museums to follow the digital trend are now well known—visibility, attractiveness, accessibility, etc.—the homogeneity of the practices identified among many institutions bring into light the true extent of the transformations induced by the introduction of digital technologies in museums. The issue now, from knowing “why” becomes “how” and it remains more or less an unknown variable when museum culture meets technology. How can we efficiently fill in the digital space ? How can we organize the content of a museum in a digital format and maintain its significance while keeping the public interested and involved ? With that in mind, this article examines in detail three aspects of digital expography : the mechanisms and the interface, the exposer's perception regarding technologies and processing of the content, and finally the true needs of the public and their ways of viewing these digital collections.
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512.More information
In this article, Laetitia Le Clech gives an overview of the different issues and particularities which come into play in the conservation of geographic archives. In addition to maps, these include photographs and images as well as certain studies of terrain. She first presents several examples of the processing of cartographic documents in different places, and discusses the challenges posed by these documents. Geographic archives have many uses in the areas of history and geopolitics and in the development of government policies. The author reviews and illustrates each of these uses with examples. She then gives an overview of the conservation of cartographic documents in the digital era. As with other types of archives, this context has its own set of questions and new practices, including digitization for preservation and communication, and also the issues of obsolescence and the establishment of new norms. The author finishes her text with a presentation of diverse initiatives for communication and document creation which are presented by the new possibilities offered by digitization. She also alerts us again certain abuses and promotes a strong framework, the better to highlight these special documents.
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513.More information
This paper proposes to re-orient cyber defamation analysis towards a Civilian approach, whose hallmark flexibility and adaptability lends itself particularly well to the digital age. Indeed, harnessing the ordinary rules of negligence, and—in principle—foregoing defences, the Civilian construction is chiefly interested in the contextual reasonableness of the impugned expression (rather than in its truth or falsity strictly speaking), in contradistinction to its somewhat categorical Common Law counterpart. It is therefore recommended that defamation law evolve towards a “negligence standard” in common law parlance. Plainly put, this would require the plaintiff to make a showing of the contextual unreasonableness of impugned speech, an analysis which subsumes truthfulness and obviates the need for defences, this comporting with constitutional imperatives.Moreover and compounding the importance of revisiting the matter, “in a world where boundaries are porous and shifting” — and data is global, a cyber-publication in one jurisdiction may be read and reposted anywhere in the world, thereby potentially causing reputational harm transcending traditional or national parameters. Therefore, enforcing rights flowing from conduct originating outside of Canada increasingly preoccupies our courts who are gradually fearful of losing the ability to enforce local norms and policy or rectify domestically felt harm originating elsewhere. This preoccupation with “judicial helplessness” in Internet cases is evidenced by the notably liberalized jurisdiction test in Goldhar and Black inter alia and by two landmark cyber jurisdiction oriented cases handed down by the Supreme Court of Canada in 2017 alone. It is therefore essential to at least summarily address the jurisdiction question—if we are to have a true contextual understanding of cyber defamation as recommended herein.
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514.More information
Web 2.0 tools can meet the needs of research teams wishing to maximize information flow and collaboration. This article presents the results of a needs analysis that was completed as the first step of a research and development study on this topic. After a body of Web 2.0 tools were identified, a questionnaire was sent to a sample of 172 subjects. The analysis reveals that the distinction between the different segments of the respondents is slight, and that they use a number of communication, management and networking tools, but much fewer recording tools or training and/or information organizing/structuring tools. The subjects express interest in receiving information about Web 2.0 tools and a preference for autonomous online training.
Keywords: analyse de besoins, formation, Web 2.0, travail de recherche, design pédagogique, needs analysis, training, Web 2.0, research work, pedagogical design, análisis de las necesidades, formación, Web 2.0, trabajo de investigación, diseño pedagógico
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515.More information
The study focuses on the uses of ICT by preservice and practicing teachers. Taking into account the Raby's model (2004), data show that the personal and professional uses by preservice teachers, regardless of their year of training, are similar to those of practicing teachers. Besides, a progressive increase in use from students to teachers is noted. However, only the latter reports pedagogical uses that fall within the appropriation phase, which means common activities in an active and meaningful learning environment. Avenues to improve initial training are proposed.
Keywords: Utilisations, TIC, enseignants, étudiants en formation initiale, Uses, ICT, teachers, preservice teachers
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516.More information
This article focuses on how a game-informed culture in public school math classes sustained interaction, cooperation, and empowered meaning making when COVID-19 mandates closed school buildings and education went fully online. More specifically, the game-informed learning environment supported the students’ development and discussion of their multimodal numeracies, and the highlighted activity reveals how the generation of math memes can foster students’ engagement in creative and empowered practices. Underscored throughout this article is the importance to embrace the expansiveness of numeracies in order to recognize, value, and support students’ meaning making.
Keywords: coopertition, game-informed, math memes, numeracies
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517.More information
The “Bibliographic Transition” programme launched by the Agence bibliographique de l'enseignement supérieur (ABES) and the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) is intended to modify the rules of bibliographic description in order to present catalogue data on the Web and to respond to new uses. This reorientation of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model, initiated because of emerging digital uses, leads libraries into a maze of changes (new cataloguing rules, the acquisition of a new integrated library system, an interface for consulting online public access catalogues [OPAC], reliance on institutional Web services) that they will have to deal with locally, because these changes are part of the overall positioning strategies of the two national agencies regarding the open data phenomenon. The programme suggests that the presentation of data on the Web would be difficult, if not impossible, without using the French cataloguing practices. However, since 1997, many Web technologies and cataloguing processes have matured and the initiatives led by OCLC and ABES show that the transcription of structure and data from catalogues to the Web data has been possible for several years. However, municipal libraries, which are generally attentive to their users and anxious to improve their services, have not yet succeeded in mastering the technological evolution intended to support the probable digital uses that have yet to be identified.
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518.More information
Archives are more-than-human spaces, and scholars are increasingly exploring how traditional archival material can be used to understand the historical lives of animals. There are traces of animals in any archives because humans do not exist in isolation and have historically been ecologically and socially entangled with other species. There is, however, a great deal of scope to develop innovative methods for telling animals' histories in ways that treat them as subjects, not objects. Using my PhD research into the historical problematization of cows in Kingston, Ontario, between 1838 and 1938, this article charts some of the methods I developed to better position historical animals as experiential subjects in analyses of the past. More specifically, I focus on how I found traces of cows in the Queen's University Archives by looking at a range of municipal records, including city assessments and health documents. I also explain how I conducted a multispecies discourse analysis of those traces by using contemporary knowledge about the psychology and physiology of cows, employing map-making techniques, and crafting speculative vignettes. I conclude that tracing animals in municipal records, being sensitive to contemporary knowledge about them, and making use of creative methodological tools to visibilize their spatial and social worlds is both academically interesting and politically significant. These methods challenge the anthropomorphism typical of historical and urban analyses, consequently creating openings for different ways of telling stories.
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520.More information
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reading as a cultural practice was deeply woven into daily life and informed critical aspects of society. However, scholars often lament the lack of evidence available to reconstruct historical audiences of popular culture, and thus to understand how these texts shaped readers, and ultimately, the broader ideologies of the time. Reader Worlds is a research-creation project which examines how locative media can fill this gap. Converging the embodied storytelling capacities of locative media and the evocative letters published in the reader departments of the pulp Western Story Magazine during the 1920s, this paper and its corresponding virtual tour explore how immersive technologies offer layered meaning to the narratives of historical readers.