Documents found
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Erich Przywara admits to have developed his idea of a “metaphysics of creature” in confrontation with M. Heidegger's thinking. We will show how the Jesuit reading of the latter is based on the roots of Heideggerian thought in the discussions of the 1920s around the nature of Kantism. Przywara tries to account for these debates from the tensions existing in the very approach of the philosopher of Königsberg. These will give rise to two ways of interpretation, that Przywara schematises under the traits of a “metaphysics of finitude,” as represented by M. Heidegger, and a “metaphysics of infinity,” in particular with E. Herrigel. According to Przywara, it is from the dialectic between these two paths that the perspective of the analogia entis as metaphysics of creature must arise.
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444.More information
In France, moral and civic education was introduced by the 2013 law reforming French schools. Its aim was to provoke questioning of values. However, how may we differentiate between individuals' values and the common values underpinning the schools of the French republic other than by making a distinction between deontologically inspired ethics aimed at the faraway horizon of universality and ethics which results from a specific position? This article aims to deal with the subject's two axes of construction — the first is vertical and inherited from the secular ideal of the Enlightenment while the second is influenced by subjectivity. The axiological construction of a pupil is effectively fuelled by his or her sensibility, the bedrock of moral reflexivity. The question remains to be answered regarding training teachers to implement innovative systems and above all to carry out a hermeneutic interpretation of a professional identity which cannot and must not neglect ethics.
Keywords: délibération, morale laïque, réflexion éthique, valeurs propres, valeurs communes, deliberation, secular morals, ethical thought, individual values, shared values
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446.More information
The notion of transcendental observer (transcendentaler Zuschauer) is introduced in Husserl's Cartesianische Meditationen. The idea of the observer first appears in Kant's Copernican revolution putting the emphasis on the observer as he announces in his Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Contemporary physics also has a notion of a local observer and it plays a central role in the foundations of quantum mechanics, general relativity and cosmology.
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447.More information
The article is an inquiry into the original developments on the theme of friendship around the issues of the affective life that evolves in the wake of a certain phenomenology, whose very first articulations are—paradoxically—to be found in Heidegger's work. The scope of such developments is only evaluated according to Agamben's interpretation as well as that of some of the French phenomenologists, readings that allow Heideggerian hermeneutics to avoid Arendt's criticism regarding its obstinate denial of plurality. While discovering in those writings a notion of friendship as a political task, the article assesses its potential as regards a necessary “community” thinking.
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448.More information
Acting as a link between his political and anthropological thought, the concept of autonomy as developed by Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997) shows the psychological conditions that any democratic self-institution of a society requires. As there is no individual autonomy without a collective autonomy, the expression “se gouverner sans maître” (self-government) has a double meaning, both political and psychological at the same time, hidden by the conventional and institutional approach of self-governance. Our aim in this article is to show that Castoriadis' widely undervalued concept of psyché could be placed at the “heresy point” of the structuralist and post-structuralist wave which, being predominant in French philosophy during the Sixties and Seventies, didn't lead but to aporetical concepts of psyché and of the unconscious, concepts that have as a common feature that of deconstructing the ideas of will and of autonomous being. While trying to avoid offering a classical and naïve idea of the latter, it's from the unsolved problems bequeathed by this approach to the idea of psyché that Castoriadis' reflection develops, and that we can catch the most original and topical side of a thought, whose importance still hasn't been properly recognized.
Keywords: aliénation, autonomie, inconscient, idéologie, imagination radicale, loi, machines désirantes, magma, ontologie, praxis, psyché, (post)structuralisme, sujet, symbolique, alienation, autonomy, unconscious, ideology, radical imagination, law, desiring machines, magma, ontology, praxis, psyche, (post)structuralisme, subject, the symbolic
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449.
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450.More information
Through the video game Watch Dogs, we propose to question the relationship between an urban space and its hero, between a narrative city and Aiden Pearce. We will rely mainly on a definition of mimicry (imitation), based on a Ricoeurian rereading of a concept from Aristotle's Poetics, a reconfiguration of the video game's territory in order to produce hermeneutic interrelationships between places or characters. We believe that Aiden Pearce and Chicago reflect eachother, that is, the city reveals itself to the player in the actions and character of the hero while he reveals himself in a territorial practice. In this way, Ubisoft's game can question us about the value of his character, the nature of his illegal actions in relation to a surveillance system authorized by the law. By offering a case study of Watch Dogs, we hope to identify deeper trends that revive the creation of allegories and return to the path of poetry.
Keywords: Jeu vidéo, Ubisoft, philosophie, Aristote, Video game, Ubisoft, philosophy, Aristotle