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511.More information
Biblique des derniers gestes (2002), Écrire en pays dominé (1997), Un dimanche au cachot (2007) and Les neuf consciences du Malfini (2009), by Patrick Chamoiseau, act like echoes of works such as L'esclave vieil homme et le molosse (1997), exploring what we define with Dominique Chancé as the desire to re-enchant the world. And this is to be grasped just as it seems to be to be constituted, that is to say by the search for a delicate balance, and at times unattainable, between the consciousness of distress and that of hope. The way of proceeding is singular, insofar as it inscribes the humor, the joy and especially the hope where initially there seems to be only desolation. It is then the opulence of the poetics which is considered, singular, susceptible to exhaust limits thanks to the practice as disconcerting as promising of doubt (Descartes, 1979 [1641]) and the « verticalité qui écartèle » (Bachelard, [1943] 2016). Thus, a poetics of re-enchantment drawing both on the consciousness of disaster and on some of the propositions formulated by Blanchot (1980), this astonishing transcendence of life, would make it possible to approach, even in an incomplete manner, a summit of consciousness, if not sensitivity.
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513.More information
Language describes a certain part of our reality. Words can help construct certain elements of our existence in society. Our paper presents the relationship between social homogeneity and heterogeneity by studying words disseminated by written media. Our sample, comprised of 11,020 articles from weekly and daily newspapers in Canada and in France, allows us to observe how two cultures can share similarities while at the same time maintain their individuality. Our paper challenges the assumption that homogenization and differentiation are two contradicting social tendencies.
Keywords: Homogénéité, hétérogénéité, différenciation, relation, média, complexité, culture, Homogeneity, Heterogeneity, Differentiation, Relation, Media, Complexity, Culture
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514.More information
This article explores two methodological concerns related to data-mining or text analytics: 1) the danger of “decontextualizing” ideas as a consequence of quantifying textual data; and, 2) the importance of determining the historical context and the origins of a document prior to analysis. 11 020 articles that appear in Canadian and French periodicals in 2005 were data-mined by a program called SPAD. We conclude that the program responds well to the first concerns. SPAD allows researchers to produce factor analyses of textual data while preserving access to the original text. This in turn ensures that researchers can understand the “meaning” of the words that are analyzed. Our case study does not do so well in regards to the second methodological consideration though, as we present how difficult it is to pre-establish the historical context and the origins of each document with such a large sample. To understand how we were still able to pursue our meta-analysis, in spite these difficulties, we turned to theoretical principals proposed by relational research and complex systems theory.
Keywords: Systémique complexe, études relationnelles, mondialisation, traitement de données textuelles, SPAD, lexicométrie, média, Complex Systems Theory, Relational Research, Globalization, Textual Data Mining, SPAD, Lexicometry, Media
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515.More information
Ecology has evolved over the 20th century from descriptive science to proactive science. This metamorphosis necessitates to adapt a whole theoretical vocabulary to the concrete reality of the field. However, such translation does not come easy. If the vast majority of social actors agree on the need to “protect nature”, deep controversies arise when it comes to putting this preservation into action: what should we do, what should we act on when we want to protect “nature”? What is “nature”, actually? This is the question that this text aims at answering, first by retracing the genealogy of this term, the meaning of which has never been clear, then by isolating a certain number of dominant definitions, each referring to a very specific conception of nature, and thus implying separate protective actions. Rather than arbitrating in an authoritarian manner (as many thinkers have tried unsuccessfully), we propose to integrate this whole complexity of the phenomenon of nature into the approaches aiming at protecting it, which must be conceived in a broad, transdisciplinary and transcultural way.
Keywords: Nature, sémiologie, pragmatique, philosophie environnementale, conservation, écologie, lexicologie, Nature, Semiology, Pragmatics, Environmental Philosophy, Conservation, Ecology, Lexicology
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519.More information
If akrasia is acting against reason, then we might say that we are now in an akratic situation with regard to climate change. Indeed, we recognize its existence and give great credit to the sciences concerned, and climate skeptics are few. But our actions waver between non-existence and inadequacy. Why? In fact, trust in science is undermined by a discrediting of reason. « Technique » is overvalued for better or for worse, and the ethics of its choices forgotten. The recourse to politics obscures the decisive importance of society, as this crisis affects everyone's private behavior. Finally, fear and mistrust prevent us from calmly accepting the uncertainty inherent in knowledge and life. How might we correct this akrasia? By returning to a fallibilist, realistic epistemology, based on truth, on the objectivity of facts, and supported by an exercise of intellectual virtues.
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520.More information
The aim of this essay is to present an overview – not a systematic review – of the results of research on the association between marriage and happiness : an universal correlation which exists at all periods of our life. In addition, the marital relation must be fed and must evolve to last. The results support the idea that it take a certain time for the effect of marriage, divorce and widowhood to disappear. Finally, recent studies show that cohabitation is negatively associated with happiness, but the results are inconclusive. In conclusion, we suggest that it would useful to educate young peoples about married life since they often address it without preparation. It would be also important to pursuit the research on cohabitation, especially in the Québec society.
Keywords: couple, mariage, cohabitation, bonheur, amour, couple, marriage, cohabitation, happiness, love