Documents found
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1971.More information
Suspected of having taken part in an attempted armed robbery in a bank and of having killed its director, Karl and Walter La Grand, two German nationals, were arrested by an American local police force. However, the La Grand brothers were judged and condemned to death without having been informed of their right to consular assistance. The German authorities tried various diplomatic and consular channels without success, before seizing the appropriate American jurisdictions, which refused to defer the execution. Unable to save Karl La Grand, which was put to death in 1999, Germany went to the International Court of Justice, to ask, on a purely conservatory basis, the suspension of Walter La Grand's execution. The present study focuses mainly on the mandatory character of the conservatory measure ordered by the Court. The confirmation of the mandatory character of conservatory measures in the La Grand case is the latest development of a slow process that first denies any legal effect, then finds an implicit and timid recognition, and finally arrives at this sharp assertion that characterizes the ICJ's decision. Indeed, the confirmation of the obligatory character of conservatory measures, in addition to the fact it will allow the Court to fulfill its legal functions more efficiently and that it will contribute to the maintenance of international peace and safety, will open the possibility for claiming states to petition the Security Council to ensure their execution. Moreover, the author concludes by suggesting that the United Nations' main legal organ can also inspire other bodies charged to control the respect of human rights to exceed the muteness of international conventions, to disavow legal formalism and to ensure an effective protection of the human person.
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1972.More information
Towards the end of the 19th Century, the study of the local, then called “folk-lore”, was defined as a “science of the French people” that allowed for the fabrication of a new facet of the French national identity. Articles by Henri Collet, Mathilde Daubresse, Marguerite Béclard d'Harcourt and Luc Marvy give insight into the place occupied by folklore in the French music press from 1912 to 1935. They illustrate the different ways in which French musicographers approached folklore after the race to collect regional songs. Far from presenting a common front regarding its importance, some subscribe to the ruralist idea that folklore is authentic music that must be saved, while others see it as a potential tool for both musical creation and the definition of a certain nationalism.
Keywords: éducation, folklore, France, musique populaire, politique, education, folklore, France, politics, popular music
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1978.
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1979.
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1980.