Documents found
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1981.
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1982.
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1983.
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1984.More information
SummaryIn 1906, Marcel Mauss, in collaboration with Henri Beuchat, pubished his “Essay on the Seasonal Variation of Eskimo Societies. Study of Social Morphology” in L'Année sociologique. For many anthropologists this essay constitutes the only major contribution to anthropological theory based on the case of the Inuit. Why did Mauss write this essay, the only one in his whole work devoted to a single human group ? Who was Beuchat ? What happened to him ? How did Mauss accomplish the project of coming to Canada, at Marius Barbeau's invitation, to study the Amerindians ? These are all questions the author tries to answer in a very personal way by relying on the archives of the Collège de France as well as on his own fifty year-long experience of research on the Inuit of Nunavik and Nunavut, and meetings with Mauss's former students. He shows us the break-down and dispersal of Mauss's intellectual heritage as regards Inuit research and how, in Quebec, starting in the 1970s, a new interest has developed.
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1985.More information
What are the sources of legitimacy for the use of military force in Canada? Identifying the conditions that the Canadian political elite views as necessary to justify the use of military force abroad is essential for a better understanding of the evolution of Canada's military practices following the Cold War. This article posits that France exercises a central influence on Canada's strategic culture, to such a point that the analogy of a North Atlantic Triangle should be changed to that of a North Atlantic "Quadrilateral". Viewed in this light, the potential strategic dilemmas facing Canada may be easier to understand.
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1987.More information
Embargoes and boycotts have for many years now constituted means of retorsion for one nation against another. Since 1945, such measures have acquired renewed favour due to the globalization of trade and conflictual relations of various groups of countries. In addition, some countries have not hesitated to give their legislation extraterritorial effects so as to make their economic sanctions even more efficient, thus transforming third-party countries into instruments of their foreign policy. Canada, as with most countries having an open economy, is not immune to such effects. To illustrate his point, the author examines two outstanding cases which culminated in the early 1980's : the extraterritoriality of U.S. legislation concerning exports and Arab boycotts against Israel. After providing background material on the use of these economic arms, the author analyses legislative and judiciary reactions of Canada and main European powers. Various governments — so as to resolve conflicts of laws caused by such situations in areas of both public and private international law, the effects of which victimize their own citizens — have come to the realization that despite efforts made by national legislatures and courts, the solution largely remains one of diplomacy.
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1988.More information
Regarding the control of proportionality under section one of the Canadian Charter, the step in identifying objectives has a certain tactical importance despite its near non-existent immediate effectiveness. Indeed, many rulings point towards a calculated jurisdictional treatment of the objective in order to better orient the final conclusion of proportionality. But on the whole, this jurisdictional treatment seems to lack coherency, doubtlessly owing to the diversity and multiplicity of objectives found in a law. Nonetheless, it is possible to take this into account by examining the position of the Supreme Court from three angles : firstly, should only one of the minimum two objectives be chosen (one general, the other specific) of the restrictive rule of law ? Secondly, must the current viability of objectives be verified ? Lastly, what objective must be proven to justify a violation of constitutional rights ? A sufficiently important objective of intrinsic social value, a perfectly rational objective or simply a reasonable objective ?