Documents found
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1991.
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1993.
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1994.More information
This article focuses on one “pillar” of sustainable development, i.e. environmental management, by drawing an empirical research on profitable Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to identify their characteristics. Literature insists on the lack of financial resources of SMEs as the main barrier to a more voluntary commitment in environmental issues. A quantitative survey was carried out among 84 French most profitable SMEs (ranking from an economic magazine published in July 2006). The main findings are presented in terms of strengths (environmental reporting practices, high reduction of environmental impacts) and weaknesses (insufficient information and poor environmental communication). Tracks of further exploratory research could refer to the environmental communication of SMEs and the necessity of a financial assessment of their “green” practices. Practical recommendation consists in improving and redefining the environmental communication to SMEs and, so, convincing them of the strategic nature of environmental management.
Keywords: PME, Management environnemental, Engagement, Développement durable, Rentabilité, Pratiques environnementales
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1995.More information
In May 1997, the General Assembly of United Nations Organisation adopted the Convention on the law of the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. This convention is the result of several years of negotiations and work among the community of international jurists. While it provides solutions to the international watercourses management, it raises also some questions about the implementation of essential principles like the notion of « basin », the « equitable and reasonable utilisation and participation », or the obligation « to prevent the causing of significant harm ». Through the recent history of River Nile basin, which is often taken as example, this article aims to analyse and to question the place and the role of the international law in the international watercourses management and in conflicts regulation.
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1996.More information
Within the shifting context of international relations — official and transnational - of the last quarter of the XXth century, it would be appropriate to take a fresh look at the opening of federal states with special emphasis on the Canadian provinces. This opening poses political, economic, social, cultural and juridical problems, both national and international. The author conceptualizes the problem in three aspects : international organizations, international representation and international treaties. She offers suggestions and recommendations with a view to a greater decentralization of Canada's foreign policy.
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1997.More information
« From the Sino-Soviet strategic project to the Sino-American strategic project » is a purposely schematic interpretative essay on the evolution of Chinese foreign policy from 1949 to 1979 with emphasis on, the latter phase of that evolution, that of the 1969—1979 period, and more particularly on the last year of that decade, 1979.The project, both defensive and offensive, of American and Chinese co-leadership of the planet that Mao had undertaken to carry out in 1971-1972 with the encouragement of Nixon had to be more or less put aside from 1973 to 1978 because of the seriousness of the domestic crises that were successively shaking both China and the United States during those years. In 1978—79, it was able to be reactivated by Deng Xiaoping who sought, with the benediction of the White House, to add an economic and a cultural dimension to Us diplomatic and strategic dimension.It is unlikely however in the near future that the United States will consider China as other than an auxiliary aspect of the fundamental game of their relations with the most powerful of their adversary-partners, the U.S.S.R. As in the case of the Sino-Soviet strategic project that China promoted from 1949 to 1959, the Sino-American strategic project that China has sought to « sell » the United States since 1969 has not, therefore, much chance of success.
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1999.More information
It has been said that Resolution 688 (1991) established a "right to interfere" for humanitarian reasons. This right - reference was even made to a "duty of humanitarian interference" - would allow third-party states to take the initiative of committing acts of humanitarian intervention on behalf of minorities subjected to ill treatment by the authorities of their country. Resolution 688 (1991), however, does not establish this right. Although the Security Council recognized itself as being competent to intervene, it did so because it had succeeded in identifying a threat to peace. Furthermore, although the United States, France, and Great Britain intervened, they were able to do so because they had breathed new life into humanitarian-motivated intervention by giving it the form of a sanction-intervention.