Documents found
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2313.More information
To attack the rules is to outmaneuver the friends and foes at the lower level of the game of policies and alliances. The rules are at the higher level of the context of that game, the historical and cultural context of warring Viet Nam. What makes Viet Nam unique is its social organization based on a loosely knitted network of villages through deep and strong relations capable of repelling intruders and invading neighbors, both moving and still like the moon underneath. Here, the chinese civilization has made a new nation assimilating the model and resisting the domination. Elsewhere, the be same chinese civilisation has made another chinese provinces. History of Viet Nam is written by an advancing front of modest and primitive villages from a delta to the next, from the gulf of Tonkin to the gulf of Siam, « vietnamizing » the nature and the peoples on its passage by the plow and the sword. South Viet Nam was cambodian land a century ago and the french colonial administration put an end to the siamese-vietnamese « condominium » over Cambodia after a short 0 to 0 fight between Siam and Viet Nam, the first claiming its western part of the vietnamese colony de facto and de jure. Cambodia was then ruled by a vietnamese general governor assisted by two lieutenant governors. The present vietnamese occupation of Cambodia, in this perspective, may be both a « prelude » to the continuation of this advancing front of villages, the confrontation between Viet Nam and Thailand (fancy and hegemonostic name for Siam since 1939) for the leadership of South East Asia and a « fugue » for warring Viet Nam to solve its political and economical problems, a country and people forged in war and for war during these four decades. The vietnamese claim of the Mekong river as a link may be translated in german word as « Anschluss » or reunification.
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2314.More information
Concentrating on "the how of International Relations", this article deals in its first half with three major issues in scientific methodology : 1) importance of the scientific mode in acquiring and transmitting knowledge, and also rendering it more policy-relevant; 2) methods of forecasting international events and their evaluation; 3) different routes to theory-building : induction, deduction, analogy, gaming and computer simulation. The second half of the paper substantiates this methodological survey by presenting some findings from the Correlates of War Project that has been going on at the University of Michigan for two decades. The emphasis is on the rigorous identification of the phenomenon (War) and on the presentation of data on different factors at different levels of analysis correlated with its incidence.
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2315.More information
Analyses et middle or « lesser » powers, unlike those of great and small powers, have not secured a distinctive place in the international politics literature and have generally not contributed to or borrowed from contemporary theoretical developments. The present study examines the foreign policy behavior of a lesser power (Canada) with an interrelated set of hypotheses drawn from theories explaining behavior as a function of the attributes of targets and actors. The four « relational » attributes employed here are status, salience, similarity, and proximity. Quantitative measures for these relational factors and for five categories of Canadian behavior across 51 (Canada to x) dyads are developed with particular attention being paid to questions of empirical-theoretical fit. Correlational analysis reveals many of the relational attributes and indicators explain a significant amount of variation in the behavior measures. Greater status, salience and proximity generally lead to more frequent Canadian activity. Status differences are particularly strongly related to all five types of dyadic behavior. Similarity appears a less influential factor. A further partial correlation analysis suggests that for Canada the relational attributes are interrelated with each other and with behavior in a patterned way. Greater proximity leads to increased salience, as do greater status and similarity. In turn, greater salience, status and similarity all lead to more frequent behavior of most types. These results tend to support some and refute other general hypotheses about target-actor attributes and behavior, and perhaps suggest some particular features of lesser power activity.
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2317.More information
Objective The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the provision and organization of forensic mental health services around the world. In particular, we attempt to address the following question: What system-level characteristics are important to consider in relation to the organization and structure of forensic mental health services?Methods To do so, we synthesize publicly accessible information, identified through Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), ProQuest Central, Scopus, PsycInfo, Google Scholar and Google, to describe how forensic systems are organized throughout the world. We examine the fundamental principles in the organization of services and examine potential quality indicators.Results This review is a steppingstone for the identification of best practices. Based on these fundamental principles, an efficient forensic mental health system would include the following elements: providing a comprehensive and balanced continuum of services; integrating services within and between systems; matching services to individual need; adhering to human rights; responding to population diversity; and using the best available evidence to make system-wide improvements.Conclusion Though all of these system-level principles are important, we focus on how the first three (service continuum, system integration, and service matching) may be applied to the organization of forensic mental health services.
Keywords: psychiatrie légale, services médico-légaux, troubles mentaux, criminalité, organisation des services, forensic psychiatry, mental disorder, severe mental illness, criminal justice involvement, service provision
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2318.More information
This article discusses the patterned differences among immigrant groups in their forms of entry and labour market incorporation. The view advanced here revolves around the concepts of different modes of structural incorporation and of the immigrant enclave as one of them. These concepts are set in explicit opposition to two previous viewpoints on the adaptation process generally identified as assimilation theory and the segmented labour markets approach.This discussion then, represents a significant advance from earlier undifferentiated descriptions of the adaptation process. The typology presented here however, constitutes a provisional effort. Just as detailed research on the conditions of particular minorities has replaced earlier broad generalizations, the propositions advanced here will require revision. New groups arriving in the United States at present and a revived interest on immigration should provide the required incentive for empirical studies and theoretical advances in the future.
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2319.More information
The concern for protecting environment has penetrated all the sectors of the international life including the trade sector. In spite of this excrescence, the ecological preoccupations remain weak at the World Trade Organization (WTO) an organism that has been set up in order to serve as the common institutional framework for guiding the commercial relations of its members. This is because the conditions to argue successfully for an environmental exception in front of this international organization are very restricting and are not very well taken into consideration in the precedents of its disputes settlement organ. Nevertheless, it is possible to have hopes in so far as not only the judges of the WTO didn't close definitely the door to the environmental preoccupations but also because of the emergence of a principle of mutual support in the international law order, which appears as an opportunity of reconciling two apparently contradictory branches of international law. These are the international trade law and the international environmental law.
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2320.