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After having rehearsed the historical and geographical circumstances surrounding the origins of the concept of "Central Europe", the author provides a diachronic portrait of the situation of the French language in this region. French ran up against the presence of German, and, after the Second World War, was confronted by a Soviet ideological orthodoxy which was not favourable to its valorization. It is in this unfavourable context that a largely uncomplimentary image of French Canada timidly emerged over the years, often interpreted through an English Canadian filter. Nevertheless, Quebec Studies gradually emerged during the 1990s through meetings and chance encounters. This article touches on the contributions of the pioneers of Quebec Studies in Central Europe and advances some possible reasons for the increased interest in francophone American literature shown by researchers from this region, who are likewise confronted by questions of identity.