Documents found
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6431.More information
AbstractThe Chilean transition to democracy was simultaneously a political issue that raised numerous conflicts, and an intellectual and scientific issue. Under these two aspects, “transitologists” (on the one hand professionals of social sciences specialized on the transitological mainstream, and on the other hand political actors familiarized with this specialized literature) resorted to rational resources being taken from transitology studies in order to address politically and to approach intellectually the transition process. In the end we witness a fascinating exchange between political work and transitology that reminds the research program of government's sciences.
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6432.More information
This article is about the emergence of French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa and overseas writings. It raises the question of their place in the landscape of French writing today. Indeed, this place should be obvious if we consider the historical heritage. One understands that these writings are quite logically part of the French hexagonal dramaturgies. After a historical overview of the different generations of authors and the circuits that have allowed them to emerge since the 1970s, the article questions the evolution of the relationship to performing arts institutions in recent decades. By proposing an inventory of the main authors currently noticed, it draws up a cartography, both editorial and institutional, which shows the interdependence between authors networks and French cultural policies, which are nonetheless unceasing to send them back to dedicated spaces. Contemporary authors from Africa and the diasporas are caught in an inextricable situation which comes from colonial history. In recent years, they have become real cultural players in their countries of origin, and it is through this that institutional partnerships are constructed with the so-called “northern” countries and that these writers and festival directors ensure their own visibility in the landscape of French and French-speaking dramaturgies which offer them publication and professional status. But why are they all the same so barely visible or reflected in spaces of the margin? What are the impacts of these phenomena on the aesthetic level? What explains such a situation and what still needs to be deconstructed in the Western representation so that these writings could be really understood and freed from a certain number of tasks which still and always stifle creation? The article tries to provide answers to this fusion-disjunction between “African and diaspora” writings and “French writings”.
Keywords: dramaturgie, Afrique, postcolonial, édition, sociologie des arts
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6433.More information
AbstractThis paper aims to describe an aspect of narrativity that has been largely ignored in the “classical” French narratology during the structuralist period. It focuses on the bond between passion and narration and shows that the passive dimension of both narrated action and the narration itself (in its dialogical form) is essential for the definition of what a story is. The cognitive aspect of interpretation shouldn't be discussed apart from the affects (tension, suspense, curiosity, surprise, fear and pity), which illustrate the passive dimension of the actualization of the plot, uncovering the uncertainty of the process of anticipation of the story. In exploring this aspect of narratives, the comprehension of their anthropological function can be revaluated and deepened, and the general conception of “plot” discussed after its resurgence in the narratological theories under the influence of Paul Ricoeur's works.
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6434.More information
Through an analysis of the composition of the personal library of Maurice Duplessis, Quebec's Premier (1936–1939; 1944–1959), this study showcases relations between literary and political fields in Quebec during the first half of the twentieth century. If this library bears witness to the tastes of a conservative bourgeois, it also allows us to understand that the literary institution was not necessarily built in opposition or against Duplessis and his government. The literary choices of Maurice Duplessis reveal tensions between modernity and tradition, mirroring, in a way, the very ideology of his government.
Keywords: Maurice Duplessis, interactions entre champs politique et littéraire, bibliothèque de premier ministre, conservatisme politique et littéraire, bourgeoisie professionnelle, Maurice Duplessis, interactions between political and literary fields, political and literary conservatism, professional bourgeoisie
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6435.More information
Was the Quiet Revolution really feminist and secular? The author studies primary sources concerning the adoption of An Act respecting the legal capacity of married women (1964), the publication of the Parent report (1963-1966) and the journal Parti pris' fight for secularism. Adopting a poststructuralist feminist approach, the author deconstructs binaries that are common in contemporary historical feminist discourses: secularism/religion, equality/patriarchy, and modernity/tradition. She also demonstrates that secularist discourses circulated during the period 1960-1966, constructing an « us, Quebecers » that was an « us, descendants of catholic French-Canadians ». Christianity remained therefore a key identity reference.
Keywords: Révolution tranquille, religion, féminismes, femmes et histoire, nation, laïcité
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6436.More information
The Marie‑Claire Daveluy archives, held at Library and Archives Canada (LAC), attest to the important influence of this historian and woman of letters, but also to the bond that connected her to her readers. Discovered in the archives thanks to precise archival indexing, letters from admirers, both male and female, invite the idea of stardom into the analysis of her literary trajectory. Written between 1935 and 1966, the letters give rare access to the voice of young readers and contribute to a better understanding of their rapport with books and with reading. Revealing the reasons for the devoted admiration of Daveluy, this sub‑corpus also illuminates for us the conditions that enabled the crystallization of her auctorial stardom in the particular context of the 1940s, a time when she is present in various communication media. Finally, with regard to the issue of gender, these letters provide insight into ways young female readers identified with this unmarried woman who knew how to carve out a place for herself in a man's world.
Keywords: Femmes, autrices, archives littéraires, lecteurs, jeunes, célébrité, Women, female authors, literary archives, readers, youth, celebrity
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6437.More information
The present article suggests a re-interpretation of the concept “dispositif” (often translated into English as “apparatus”) in the perspective of a historical pragmatics. After evoking the difficulties of translation and their consequences, the author discusses the ways in which Michel Foucault and Jean-Louis Baudry have each conceptualised the dispositif. He then proposes to use the concept as a heuristic tool for the analysis of media, as it allows to focus on the uses of media technologies, rather than on media specificity, and to take into account their historicity.
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6438.More information
This article aims to recall the significance of the ‘relationship to memory' in cinematic and audio-visual media in Sub-Saharan Africa in contrast to the often ideological uses which have been made of a ‘relationship to history'. The article begins by reconsidering attempts to represent history by directors such as Ousmane Sembène, Med Hondo and Haile Gerima, by analysing these representations within the framework of political discourse of legitimization. Then, this article attempts to situate this discourse within the critical and theoretical literature which have appeared in relation to African cinema since the 1970s; thus the question is to determine limitations which must necessarily be assigned to this discourse of political legitimization, within a theoretical framework which includes a ‘methodological-epistemological' point of view as well as an aesthetical one. The article then reconsiders some African films made since the 1990s in which a ‘relationship to memory' was involved. The article concludes that, in discourse about African media, the danger has always been more on the side of the political legitimization of a certain relationship to history the symbolical and aesthetical relationship to memory.
Keywords: Cinéma africain, médias audiovisuels africains, histoire et mémoire, méthodologie et épistémologie, légitimation politique, mondialisation, African cinema, African audio-visual media, history and memory, methodology and epistemology, political legitimization, globalization
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6439.More information
SummaryThis paper deals with Mauss's legacy to the historical and comparative sociology of the gift by means of a comparison between his famous Essai sur le don (Essay on the Gift) with Paul Veyne's approach in his study of the evergetic gift in the Greco-Roman period, Le Pain et le cirque (Bread and Circuses). Whereas Mauss stresses basically similar and universal characteristics of the gift through historical periods and cultures, Veyne, on the other hand, insists on differences, distinctions and discontinuities. Indeed, the relationship between Veyne and Mauss is somewhat ambiguous and even parallel in certain ways. The beginnings of a Weberian-inspired position is suggested which, while not denying possible similarities and continuities, also tends to approach the diversity of the gift as an empirical variable and to replace it within a pluridimensional analysis of its socio-cultural and historical contexts.
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6440.More information
This article analyses the issues raised by the definition of two prototypical intercultural collaborations, one grounded in consensus and the other in compromise, which have fostered competing conceptions of participatory citizenship in contemporary multilingual and multicultural democratic societies. Specifically, the first objective is to examine the role of literary translation, henceforth called upon to serve two social contracts that advocate, respectively, cultural assimilation based on the trivialization of power relations in the name of equality, and cultural integration based on the importance of acknowledging inequalities to ensure the visibility, vitality and, at times, survival of minority communities. We take as an example the role of literary translation in the evolution of the difficult relations between Québec's Francophone majority and Anglophone minority since 1976, more particularly in the cultural revitalization the latter has experienced over the past twenty-odd years. Thus, the second objective is to call into question a well-oiled reading of the history of these power relations that, by positing the emergence of a tradition of translation predicated on consensus, is founded less on fact than on perceptions, ambient discourses and received ideas construed as truths. The rereading proposed here exposes the real compromises which these “truths” erase, as well as the role of literary translation as concession in the cultural revitalization of the Anglophone communities. Bibliometrics provides us with a heuristic tool to attain these objectives, with the additional benefit of creating a much needed link between the history of translation, which focuses on empirical facts, and translation studies, which focuses primarily on discursive constructs.
Keywords: traductologie, histoire de la traduction, traduction littéraire et revitalisation culturelle, traduction littéraire en situation minoritaire, traduction littéraire au Canada, translation studies, history of translation, literary translation and cultural revitalization, literary translation in minority situations, literary translation in Canada