Documents found
-
6582.More information
This paper seeks to identify the characteristics and evolution of the “Franco-Ontarian variant” of the French Canadian national project. Drawing on the studies of Californian sociologist Rogers Brubaker on cross-border nationalism and adapted to the French-Canadian case by Franco-Ontarian sociologist Jean-François Laniel, this paper highlights the relevance and limits of the triangular relationship between the so-called parent state, host state and parent minority when applied to Franco-Ontarian spokespersons and their political representative body. Above all, it is the relational dynamics that shed new light on the relationship of power and of influence experienced and exercised by Franco-Ontarians. The division of legislative powers between the federal state and the provinces, the recognition of fundamental rights, and the fact that French Ontario belongs to a global Francophonie also distinguishes it from European examples.
Keywords: Canada français, Ontario français, communautés politiques, réseaux et nationalismes transfrontaliers, histoire de la francophonie nord-américaine, French Canada, French Ontario, political communities, cross-border networks and nationalisms, history of the North American Francophonie
-
6584.More information
AbstractJohn Bartlet Brebner (1895-1957) was a significant Canadian historian, but his work has been marginalised and discredited in the historiography. A Maritime historian, he continued to study Nova Scotia after leaving the University of Toronto for Columbia University, and this and his work on early explorers and British history led to his espousal of a continental approach that emphasised Canadian-American exchange and a shared British legal and political heritage. A deep liberal, he felt under suspicion because he did not promote either of the two nationalist schools of Canadian history and because he lived in the United States; this feeling moved him to naturalise as an American in 1941 and give up Canadian history. He later regretted this action, as his experiences as a liberal American in the post-war era gave him concerns about the liberal quality of American nationalism. After Brebner's death, his reputation was tarnished by the posthumous publication of an obsolete manuscript and the concerted attack of nationalist historians who, led by Donald G. Creighton, sought to deny legitimacy to even the most nuanced use of the "continental approach."
-
6585.More information
This article draws on the proposals of recent academic researches regarding the relevance of a renewed reflection on the contingent specificity of the SME as an object of analysis. Using a series of eloquent empirical observations made in the field of biotechnology firms in Quebec (Canada) – namely, that most firms in this market are less than 10 years old, and 43 percent of biotech firms have less than 10 employees – as its starting point, this article attempts to answer the following research question : Do biotechnology VSEs constitute a separate species and/or are they unique of their kind, resembling the “organized” type of very small enterprises evoked by Marchesnay (2003) ?This article is organized in three parts. In the first, the authors propose a theoretical framework that attempts to identify VSEs according to “what they do.” This section is based mainly on a review of the literature on the contemporary criteria used to define small enterprises and on the concept of the business model. Secondly, the authors outline the methodology of multi-factorial analysis and cluster analysis used to observe, by induction, the different behaviours of very small enterprises in the bio-industry cluster in Quebec. They then proceed to propose a framework for the analysis of these firms' contingent specificity. This article proposes an empirical validation of the specificity of “organized”, “world-class” VSEs as well as of Torrès' argument (1997) regarding the manifestation of a significant denaturation trend, while adding previously neglected components to the continuum of prevailing criteria defining the VSE. At the methodological level, the use of the five components of a business model in the age of innovation without borders proves effective in identifying the diversity within this specificity by revealing four main types of biotechnology VSEs : discoverers, toolmakers, specialized suppliers and generic suppliers of biotechnology products and services. This empirical study thus establishes VSEs as both specific VSE-forms (in relation to the species), and as special VSE-forms (unique of their kind : the organized VSE).
Keywords: Modèles d'affaires, Biotechnologie, TPE, PME, Spécificité, Haute technologie, Gouvernance, Innovation ouverte, Réseau de valeur
-
-
6589.
-