Documents found
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AbstractIn this text, which relies heavily on notions developed in Georges Bataille's The Accursed Share, the author proposes to develop a general theory of exchange, based upon a comparative study of four main systems of social life, classified as: ‘lineal society,' ‘territorial society,' ‘individual society,' and ‘object society.' He shows that these four types of society make original responses to the problems posed by the appropriation of objects, the relation to origin and blood, ties to dead ancestors and to the past; to communal land, the tribe and the nation; to the power of chiefs and kings, spirits and gods. He outlines the historical conditions for the emergence of the ideological formations in which the logics of social existence and identity for each type of society are rooted, and suggests how, through the exchange of gifts, the living and the dead, members of the group and outsiders, ancestors and gods, are linked in vast networks. He situates his approach within a kind of psycho-socio-ethnological reflection that he considers to be close to the clinical sociology practiced throughout his career by Professor Robert Sévigny.
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The article presents an analysis of the official discourse on teaching social and human sciences (SHS) at the primary level. The descriptive analysis of government orientations will be accompanied by the identification of some gray areas (inconsistencies, ambiguities, contradictions, etc.) underlying them. A few examples are knowledge considered important to build on but not subject to evaluation, essential skills that need to be developed but are given no teaching time slot in the educational system, skills that rely on the ability to reason and make arguments, while the evaluation focuses more on the description of factual knowledge. Not always clear, these orientations can leave room for different interpretations and readings of the parameters that should govern the teacher's educational intervention, especially regarding the contribution of SHS to the triple mission of Quebec schools to the status and the place of school knowledge within a skills-based approach, and the role of the teaching-learning approach in the educational intervention.
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An overview of Colombian archaeology museums allows us to examine the place of archaeological research in this Latin American society and to understand how it is used in the talks presented to visitors. The museums are analyzed according to three components: encyclopaedic, anthropological and scientific. The exercise highlights a pre-Hispanic past as a prelude to today's Colombian society that ignores the colonial past, and an avowed desire in the 1991 Constitution to better reflect the country's multiculturalism, which is still slow to materialize in state museums.
Keywords: archéologie, musée, patrimoine, colonialisme, multiculturalisme, indigénisme, archaeology, museum, heritage, colonialism, multiculturalism, indigenism, arqueología, museo, patrimonio, colonialismo, multiculturalismo, indigenismo
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The first part of this article discusses the dominant ideologies about the Indians of the Andean Highlands and the Amazon Basin in Colonial, post-Colonial, and contemporary times. The analysis concentrates on the “image of the Indian” or the ideological conceptions of ethnicity that emerge in the context of changing social relations among Indians, representatives of the State, dominant classes, and missionaries. Some of the anthropological approaches to the problem of ethnicity are also discussed. The second part of the article examines the attempts made by indigenous organizations to reformulate ethnicity as an oppositional ideology under present social, economic, and political conditions.
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Public-private partnerships can be understood to be instruments for meeting the obligations of the state (things that there has been a strong social consensus that the state ought to do) that are transformed so as to involve private property ownership as a key element in the operation of the instrument. The word partnership is important and not just a euphemism for hiding a privatization (at least it ought not to be). Partnership means a relationship based on common goals where both entities share benefits and contribute resources over the long-term for mutual advantage and out of a sense of commitment. In a design-build-finance-operate (DBFO) public-private partnership, the state agency sponsoring the development hires either a single company (or consortium of companies) to, as the term suggests, meet the full extent of its public obligation by determining how best to meet the obligation, designing and building the necessary infrastructure and then operating it. This paper looks at the development of three DBFO public-private partnerships in and around Vancouver, British Columbia, asking what the likelihood is that the public will benefit from decisions to employ this procurement model. When using a definition of benefit that is broader than simply saving money, it is possible that these projects can provide greater benefits than a traditional public procurement, although the managers of two of the projects will likely face greater difficulties in doing so than the managers of the third one.