Documents found
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La première conférence de la Ligue contre l'impérialisme, tenue à Bruxelles en février 1927, constitue un évènement majeur dans l'histoire du tiers monde. Il s'agissait d'une première occasion pour les peuples colonisés d'Asie et d'Afrique de se réunir et d'établir entre eux des contacts directs. La conférence réunit 175 délégués de 37 colonies. Cependant, les difficultés de maintenir le contact entre eux, dues aux efforts des puissances coloniales européennes pour isoler et affaiblir les mouvements nationalistes durant l'entre-deux-guerres, auront eu raison du projet des délégués de mettre sur pied une action commune contre l'impérialisme. Ce n'est qu'au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale qu'un tel projet refera peu à peu surface, et que ce que nous appellerons ici un mouvement anticolonial asiatique apparaîtra sur la …
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184.More information
Agricultural policies aimed at developing crops that take into account local biodiversity remain marginal. To define what should be considered in the return to "local cereals" in response to climate change, we put into perspective the results of two interdisciplinary projects conducted in dry areas of Senegal and India. The first, located in the Senegalese Sahel, « Relier la diversité agricole à la qualité de l'alimentation par l'analyse sociale des pratiques féminines et de l'alimentation “(DIVA), aimed to analyze the impacts of rice intensification on agricultural and food biodiversity, and the second located in the dry zone of the Deccan (South India), "Accompagner l'adaptation de l'agriculture irriguée au changement climatique" (ATCHA), studied the adaptations of irrigated agriculture to climate change, 30 years after the Green Revolution (GR). The cross-sectional analysis was conducted through the lens of the irrigated rice and rainfed sorghum cereal pair, with a focus on women's activities related to these crops. This analysis revealed strong links between the agro-environmental consequences of the agricultural changes analyzed, their food translations and the cultural losses that result: the intensification of rice in the Senegal River Valley and of VR in India not only cause a decline in the agricultural biodiversity of local cereals, but also damage the adaptive capacities and nutritional quality of meals and the quality of life. Focusing on women's activities also highlights their own difficulties in maintaining agricultural and food diversity. Yet these cereal-based systems are "resilient" in terms of local varieties and associated knowledge, as evidenced by the return of the ‘millets system', Indian millets and sorghums marginalized by GR, promoted in some states of India under the impetus of socio-political movements in response to climate change.
Keywords: céréales locales, changements climatiques, pratiques féminines, nutrition, sorgho, riz, politiques agricoles, local cereals, climate change, nutrition, women practices, sorghum, rice agricultural policies
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186.More information
This paper applies the notion of gender performativity, as developed by Judith Butler, to the reproductive practices of women from the Northwestern part of India in relation to the concept of son preference and the construction of gender identity. Women who were interviewed in the context of this study implied that giving birth to a son is necessary in order to be a « complete woman ». It allows women to achieve femininity and perform their gender as it is conceived in their own social context. The construction of gender identity starts in childhood by performing and repeating ritualized acts over time that lead women to perceive their desire for a son as their own will. This process is carried out through interactional negotiations with family members.
Keywords: Dufour, préférence pour les garçons, Inde, sélection sexuelle, genre, performativité, femmes, Dufour, Son Preference, India, Sex Selection, Gender, Performativity, Women, Dufour, preferencia por los hijos varones, India, selección sexual, género, performatividad, mujeres
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187.More information
Launched belatedly in November 2022, Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy (CIPS) aims to position Canada in the region by targeting five objectives (1 - Peace and Security 2 - Trade 3 - Migration Fluidity 4 – Environment 5 - Engagement). These objectives define Canada's approach, which is both original and similar to other Indo-Pacific Strategies (IPS) launched by several countries. This article compares the CIPS with a dozen other Indo-Pacific strategies around the world, comparing Canada's five objectives to those of other countries, in addition to deciding whether the Chinese challenge is shared by all IPSs, as is the case with Canada. There is little originality in this comparison, except with respect to immigration and interest in the Arctic.
Keywords: Canada, Inde, Chine, États-Unis, Indo-Pacifique, Canada, India, China, United-States, Indo-Pacific
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188.More information
The end of the cold war has put into question the geopolitical outlook the United States had developed within the bipolar system. In South Asia, India was deemed as irrelevant or unreliable for the Washington strategic interests; as a result, the United States had provided a consistent support to Pakistan. In the 1990s, India has been trying to assert itself as a regional power. So far the American reaction has been negative for three reasons: 1. Skepticism with respect to India's governability (Atul Kohli, 1991); 2. Willingness to promote Pakistan, as well as Turkey, as a moderate islamic State model ; 3. Persistence of policy makers' perceptions. By the summer of 1997, the Washington State Department may have started a reassessment. But if India is trying contention, the United States still expect compliance.