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Si l'Inde intrigue, elle demeure toutefois ignorée par l'art officiel et académique des enseignements philosophique et scientifique. Est-ce une attitude volontaire ou non de méconnaissance, ou un comportement justifié et légitime d'amnésie? L'Inde antique au sujet de la nature et de l'univers, a su se questionner et articuler ses réponses en de complexes systèmes fort remarquables et brillants. Réfléchir sur l'essence même de ces questionnements et raisonnements premiers sur la nature en Inde antique, c'est réfléchir sur notre propre conscience scientifique occidentale. Voici donc un compte rendu de recherches autour de cette problématique Inde-science. La pensée indienne et l'esprit scientifique sont-ils compatibles? Le discours occidental, par sa spécificité, donne-t-il à la nature même de la science un caractère universel?
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The choice of studying Muslim citizenship from the point of view of youth revivalist Muslims who are far from being representative of all Indian Muslims may be surprising; but it is precisely their apparent radical otherness, both constructed as such by the individuals concerned and perceived as such by the majority society (the Hindus), that is interesting. Young revivalist Muslims represent a group whose relationship to the nation is potentially even more questioned than that of their “ordinary” co-religionists. What effects can re-Islamization, which borrows its models in part from external referents, have on the relationship these young revivalist Muslims have to India? Are the differences with “ordinary” young Muslims and with other young Indians, regardless of religion, significant? In order to contextualize the discussion, I will begin by analyzing the tension between the constitutional rights that guarantee Muslims full citizenship and a social and political reality marked by increasing marginalization and stigmatization. I will then examine the effects of a self-construction by young revivalist Muslims as deliberately distinct in their relationship to others, especially Hindus. Finally, I will look at their relationship to politics, which in turn will shed light on their civic practices.
Keywords: Mohammad-Arif, citoyenneté, musulmans, Inde, réislamisation, marginalisation, discrimination, Hindutva, Mohammad-Arif, Citizenship, Muslims, India, Islamic Revival, Marginalization, Discrimination, Hindutva, Mohammad-Arif, ciudadanía, musulmanes, India, re-islamización, marginalización, discriminación, Hindutva
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When television came to India in 1959, India's prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru stated television was a luxury India could not afford. He believed the medium should be aimed at India's rural population, focusing on education and development. At the time of my field research from 2002-2003, even though 70 percent of India's population still lived in rural areas, Nehru's vision for television had largely been forgotten as television programs were primarily set in urban middle and upper class families. This article examines the various ways in which the shift in focus from rural to urban television programming has impacted individuals living in the village of Kothariya in Rajasthan, India. After a brief history of television in India, this article shifts to television directors and producers who make mostly urban-based programming for India's government channel, Doordarshan. This is followed by an assessment of the impact of this programming on rural individuals, looking in particular at urban behaviors and consumer desires learned through television.
Keywords: Steindorf, télévision, rural, Inde, classe, média, Rajasthan, Steindorf, Television, Rural, India, Class, Media, Rajasthan, Steindorf, televisión, rural, India, clase, medios de comunicación, Rajasthan
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Usually, the common geopolitical vision of the international relations indicates that the superpower and the great power States of the North dominate the underdevelopped countries of the South. No theoretical geographical litterature has shown that imperialism could be the fact of the actual medium power States of the South, taken as the intertropical area of the earth. This paper is an attempt to illustrate a new geopolitical phenomenon, called here tropical gondwanian imperialism, which emphasizes the prominent role that India and Brazil are likely to play as great power States in the beginning of the next century.
Keywords: Géopolitique, géostratégie, verticalité du système international, horizontalité du système international, impérialisme tropical gondwanien, Geopolitics, geostrategy, verticality of international System, horizontality of international system, tropical gondwanian imperialism