Documents found
-
1131.More information
The aim of this article is to understand the challenges of cultural representations on the resilience capacities of people with physical disability acquired in adulthood. Through the clinical research method and semi-structured interviews with three participants, it appears that the dynamics of cultural issues can simultaneously hinder or facilitate people's resilience capacity. There is the need for psychological follow-up and assisted resilience in order to activate existing skills despite the apparent fragility.
Keywords: handicap, handicap moteur, capacité de résilience, représentation culturelle, adulte, Cameroun, handicap, physical disability, resilience capacity, cultural representation, adult, Cameroon
-
1132.More information
Various political, economic and social actors are converging around a “solutionist” discourse, which frames the multiple ecological, social and democratic crises as challenges to be overcome together through innovative solutions. This text traces the various trends that have led to this convergence around the “solutionist' discourse, then attempts to reveal the reasoning and framing underlying it. Finally, it briefly analyzes the dangers of solutionism in terms of democracy, public action and possibilities for social transformation.
Keywords: solutionnisme, néolibéralisme, dépolitisation, gouvernance, innovation sociale
-
1133.More information
European directives concerning common rules for the internal markets in telecommunications, electricity, gas, railroad... have introduced a principle of division of networks, generally a network's division in two parts : the infrastructure and its use.The aim of this paper is to show that this principle of division is not economically relevant.
-
1134.More information
This article describes the results of action research examining the effects of a pedagogical approach to improve and develop writing: this approach includes the activity author's chair (Graves and Hansen, 1983), and a text processing program. The written productions of eleven primary level students with learning difficulties were subjected to a number of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The following measures were used by the authors to describe eight learning profiles: a) the frequency that the activity was selected; b) the number of transformations noted in texts following the activity; and c) the number and pertinence of self-initiated transformations. The results show progress specifically related to the behaviors involved in the writing process.
-
1135.More information
Summary : Nature of the context and rule representation : Two levels of difficulty for problem solving.How does a subject build a representation of the problem that he or she is solving ? One hundred and sixty-two participants solved problems (isomorphs of the Tower of Hanoi problem) that had been constructed manipulating (a) the semantic and computational context in which the change of state is presented (nature of the context) ; and (b) the number of physical cues that the subject applied when representing the problem (rule representation). The results showed that each of these factors had an effect on general performance. However, the observation of different types of dependant variables shows different effects : the nature of the context affected the time that a person spent between one state and the following one ; the type of rule representation affected the number of steps necessary to solve the problem, as well as the number of errors. These results led us to postulate the existence of two processes (operator building and general planning), independent of each other, but involved equally in building the representation which guides problem solving.Key words : reasoning, problem solving, isomorphic problems, rule representation, nature of the context.
-
1136.More information
In French-speaking Belgium, most programs were usually designed by practitioners (teachers) and supervised by an inspector, at least in official education. As part of a research funded by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation network, authors analyzed the science programs. On this basis, they highlight some of the difficulties to link to the design of programs. Authors put this observation in conjunction with the complexity to identify a coherent model that can support the design of programs. Moreover, they argue in favor of a steering of the writing process and offer some approaches to operationalize the theoretical and methodological contributions in the process of designing a curriculum.
Keywords: programme d'études, conception d'un programme d'études, curriculum, évaluation, programs, programs designing, curricula, evaluation, programa de estudos, conceção de um programa de estudos, curriculum, avaliação
-
1137.More information
In the province of Québec, the St-Lawrence Seaway as well as the harbour areas undergo frequent dredging. Each year, more than 106 cubic metres of sediments must be dredged from the st-Lawrence river. The dredged sedirnents are generally dispersed in the water column. However, heavy metal contamination of these sediments may preclude open-water disposal and necessitate their confinement.The research work presented in this article applies to dredged sediments that are too contaminated for open-water disposal. In order to permit their safe disposal, it is necessary to have a method which effectively removes metals from these sediments. One of the effective methods of metal removal from contaminated sediments could be a microbial solubilization process, which was developed at INRS-Eau for sewage sludge decontamination and which has been tested on a pilot scale during the past year. In order to appty such a process to decontaminate sediments, it was necessary to study the influence of various factors affecting the microbial leaching process. This research verified the possibility of using a modified microbial leaching process to decontaminate sediments and also studied the influence of the enerry substrate, the microbial inoculum and the sediment total solids concentration on such a modified process.The experimental methodology consisted of mixing the contaminated sediment in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask for a period of 96 hours in the presence of thiobacillus inoculum and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 • 7H2O) as the enerry substrate. Before each experiment sediments were adjusted to the desired total solids concentration with deionized water and were acidified with sulfuric acid to obtain the starting pH conditions.The solubilization of Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn was monitored at regular intervals in order to evaluate the influence of the various factors studied. Subsamples were removed, the sediments were digested and the metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-AES). The elements analyzed were Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb,Zn as well as S, P and C. All the digestions and analyses performed made according to the APHA guidelines. The total solids, both volatile and inert, were also determined according to APHA method no.209F (APHA, 1985).Regarding the influence of the ferrous sulfate concentration on the application of the microbial leaching process, the removal rates of Cd, Zn and Mn did not vary more than 12 %. For all experiments, the final pH value approached 2,5. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) varied for all experiments from 462 to 560 mV. An energy source could therefore be present in the sediments, which would support the growth of thiobacillus bacteria.During the experiments conducted to study the influence of inoculum concentration on the microbial leaching process, it was found that the pH decreased from 3.5 to 2.4 and the ORP increased from 284 to 593 mV when the inoculum addition increased from 0 to 30 % (v/v). This tendency was also observed during the removal of Cd and above all, Cu. Between 0 and 20 % (v/v) inoculum concentration, Cd removal increased from 64 to 86 % whereas Cu removal increased from 20 to73 %. However, these two metals did not show any appreciable increase in solubilization when the inoculum was increased from 20 to 30 % (v/v). In the case of Mn, it was not possible to determine the solubilization pattern since the inoculum concentration did not influence the solubilization of this element, Between 0 and 30 % inoculum, the Mn removal varied from 56 to 73 %. Hence the microbial influence on Mn solubilization may be negligible.The study on the influence of total solids content on the microbial leaching process showed that the total solids concentration had an influence on pH and ORP. The final pH increased from 2.43 to 3.32 and ORP decreasedfrom 492 to 321 mV when the total solids content was varied from 3 to 15 % . The percent solubilization of Cd after 21 h was 7l %, 69 %, 43 %, 44 % and, 24 % at 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 % total solids respectively, On the other hand, Zn solubilization after 45 h was 94 %, 90 %, 84 %, 97 % and 8l % for the same concentrations of total solids. An increase in total solids content decreased the solubilization efficiency of Cd (at t=2l h) and, to a lesser extent, Zn (att=48h). However,in the case of Mn, the maximum solubilization was achieved right at the beginning and varied little with time. Its solubilization varied between 61 and 70 % for 3 % total solids, between 67 and, 79 % for 5 % total dolids, between 52 and,62 % for 7 % totaf solids, between 57 and, 75 % for l0 % total solids and tretween 40 and 63 % for 15 % total solids. In general, for the sediments studied here, total solids content has little influence on Mn solubilization.In conclusion, use of a microbial leaching process to remove metals from contaminated sediments seems to be less complex than for sewage sludges, since the maximum removal of metals is achieved in less than 48 h in a bench-scale experiment. The average metal solubilization was above 80 % for Cd, 73 % for Cu, 90 % for Zn and 65 % for Mn. The development of thiobacillus does not seem to be dependent upon the presence of an added energy substrate. Only a minimal quantity of substrate, say 5 % ferrous sulfate (dry wt./dry wt.), is required in order to assure optimal conditions for thiobacillus growth. It is probable that with time, without ferrous sulfate, the microbial conditions would deteriorate due to exhaustion ofthe enerry substrate. A 20 % microbial inoculum seems to be enough to assure an efficient metal solubilization process. Except for Mn, the increase in total solids concentration had a negative influence on the metal solubilization. It is hence preferable to work with a total solids concentration of less than 5 %. Nevertheless, it should be noted that this percentage is more than that used for sewage sludge decontaminaton (around 2 % total solids).
Keywords: Olubilisation biologique, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, métaux, sédiment, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Microbial solubilization, thiobacillus ferrooxidans, bioleaching, heavy metals, sediment, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn
-
1138.More information
AbstractAmong the actual rehabilitation programs offered to patients with schizophrenic disorders, the IPT (Integrated Psychological Treatment) is one paradigm which combines cognitive and psychosocial strategies. A solid body of evidence, derived from controlled studies, indicates that IPT improves cognitive and social functioning and reduces symptoms severity. Nevertheless, little is known about its efficacy in routine clinical conditions. In this article, the authors address this issue. Our clinical experience with IPT in an ambulatory psychiatric service is presented. The results show that only few patients find useful to participate to all IPT strategies. Patients who refuse or accept to be enrolled in this rehabilitation program share the same demographic, clinical., symptoms and cognitive characteristics. After two years, the outcome of these two groups is similar when we consider the rate of readmissions, the number of hospitalisations, the length of stay and the number of suicides. These observations suggest that IPT strategies in clinical routine are probably less efficient than in well controlled studies. They also raise the question to define an individualised rehabilitation program that fits particular patients' needs.
-
1139.More information
Keywords: Méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée, non-publics de la culture, défis méthodologiques, entretiens qualitatifs, trajectoire hélicoïdale
-
1140.More information
Keywords: Promenade urbaine, nature, fleuve, expérience, conception