Documents found
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1141.More information
Offenders aged 50 and older represent a growing population among the incarcerated. Around 80 % of them struggle with difficulties related to their physical and mental health, as well as their social well-being. These difficulties heavily impacts their social and community reintegration process. The pandemic has given rise to additional and greater challenges. This interpretive descriptive qualitative study aims to comprehend older offenders' experiences related to their incarceration at the time of COVID-19, as well as its perceived influence on their social and community reintegration. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 participants ranging from 50 to 73 years of age. A thematic analysis was conducted to further understand the aspects modulated by COVID-19 during each key period of the social and community reintegration process, namely, while they were incarcerated and while they were released into the community. The pandemic influenced the social and community reintegration process, and had a larger impact on offenders at the beginning of the pandemic, as compared to a year later. Results highlight the lack of consistency between health measures and social and community reintegration objectives.
Keywords: Personnes âgées judiciarisées (PAJ), COVID-19, incarcération, réintégration sociocommunautaire, stratégies d'adaptation, Older offenders, COVID-19, incarceration, social and community reintegration process, coping strategies, Personas mayores judicializadas, Covid-19, encarcelamiento, reinserción comunitaria, estrategias de adaptación
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1142.More information
La transcription des symboles et des caractères spéciaux utilisés dans la version originale de ce résumé n’a pas été possible en raison de limitations techniques. La version correcte de ce résumé peut être lue en PDF.<br /><br /> Avec l’augmentation de l’utilisation et de l’exploitation des lanthanides, une augmentation de la concentration environnementale de ces métaux est anticipée. L’exploitation minière de ces éléments convoités dans les écosystèmes nordiques du Canada rend l’évaluation adéquate du risque environnemental de plus en plus pressante. Dans ce travail, la toxicité et l’applicabilité du modèle de l’ion libre pour prédire la toxicité du lanthane et du cérium ont été étudiées ainsi que l’effet protecteur du calcium. L’algue verte unicellulaire Chlorella fusca a été sélectionnée pour réaliser cette étude à l’aide d’exposition chronique …
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1143.More information
Émile de Laveleye (1822-1892), a lawyer by training, was professor of political economy at the University of Liège. Among other topics, he published numerous writings on the organisation of the Belgian political system. This article clarifies the place occupied by the idea of equality in his writings, based on material from 43 of these publications. After having identified the causes which, according to Émile de Laveleye, underlie the inequalities within a political system, this article analyses the way in which he wishes to give concrete expression to the idea of equality, through his relationship to freedom, education and universal suffrage and the promotion of socialist ideas.
Keywords: godsdienst, algemeen kiesrecht, algemeen onderwijs, vrijheid, politiek stelsel, gelijkheid, Émile de Laveleye, equality, Émile de Laveleye, political system, freedom, universal education, universal suffrage, religion, religion, suffrage universel, instruction universelle, liberté, système politique, égalité, Émile de Laveleye
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1145.More information
Attempts to reorganize work which are introduced unilaterally and controlled by management do not achieve the expected results. These negative experiences more than often perpetuate mistrust and reinforce workers' insecurity, particularly in a context of economic difficulty and job reduction. The absence of reciprocity is an obstacle to the transition to a more harmonious relationship, which is fundamental to the development of co-operation between the actors.The reorganization of production in some firms, however, gives way to new social relations based on trust between the main actors: managers and union representatives. These firms are more characterized by open communication and mutual trust than by formal rules. These organizational innovations typically aim for both greater functional flexibility and workers support for the firm's production goals. These changes are made possible by the interaction of those present in the firm based on a consensus in decision-making. The required co-operation is built on reciprocity and mutual trust, not on coercion and external constraints. The transformation of the relationship is based on frequent face-to-face contacts. A new System of relations, initially not defined, is built by the representatives in a partnership where trust is first established between people. The context in which new forms of social relations are formed links the agents in a state of dependence, uncertainty and risk.This formation of new types of interaction during a process of work reorganization was observed over an eighteen-month period in four manufacturing establishments whose unions are affiliated to the Confédération des syndicats nationaux. In the context of organizational innovations, we were able to observe, at local level, a transformation in the relationship between management and the union. Two of these establishments were faced with economic difficulty. Their changes aimed to optimize existing work rules. In the two other establishments, the changes in work relations took place within the context of strategic planning and set about deeper transformations in work organization. In all cases, the changes were guided by a steering committee consisting of union representatives and managers. Co-operation entalled mutual trust between people who held distinct social positions within the establishment. Decisions were made by consensus. The presence of these credible people was essential, but insufficient. Trust was gained in a typical process of trustworthiness observed in all four establishments. It was built on dispute settlements, problem solving related to working conditions, the regularity of contact between the actors and the quality of information exchanged. When trust was established between union representatives and local management, the establishment was run jointly under a form of partnership, but within the limits of each party's respective role.This type of trust stems from the changing conditions of an abstract System. It expands in a firm experiencing restructuring and characterized by uncertainty and risk. Trust solves tensions while the actors search for consensus through value sharing and joint decisions. Trust between the participants remains fragile and is subject to demands that are beyond the scope of their action. They are attempting to create another System from routine interactions but whose definitive forms still remain unclear.
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1146.More information
AbstractIn this paper, computer assisted training environments are examined as a partial response to the problem of contemporary technical training. With this objective, the author calls for the development of students' functional knowledge and provides a definition of this concept. The nature of expertise is analysed in terms of subject, degree of formalization and generality, and origin. The author proposes an organization of technical knowledge into techno-scientific conceptual structures as a basis for training students. In response to the difficulties presented by the incomplete or partial knowledge which students have of this field, the author oudines the importance of incorporating within the training environment those strategies which can "manage ignorance". Two proposals in response to this include the control of learner's knowledge and of learning processes during a learning task.
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1147.More information
ABSTRACTA newly discovered grain-flow type, called frost-coated clast flow (FCCF) was observed in motion on a shale scree slope in northern Gaspésie. This maritime region situated at 500N is characterized by a humid mid-latitude climate with cold winters. The frost-coated clast flows are superficial flows of completely matrix-free clasts, the movement of which is enhanced by a thin ice coating around the particles that greatly reduces the intergranular friction. Flow properties were determined by observation of: (1) artificially triggered movement, (2) natural flows in motion, and by detailed geomorphological and sedimentological analysis of deposits caused by the FCCF-events of 1989-90. FCCF activity starts on the steep upper scree slope, just below the rock walls that form the highest parts of the slope system. Movement is triggered in most cases by rock fall impact onto the uppermost talus accumulations. Moving flows show sequences of several bores that are 1-3 m wide and run downslope with velocities around 4,5 m s"1. During the winter of 1989-90 FCCF activity was observed six times. Flows occurred when the scree slopes were snow free, and generally while daily temperatures oscillated around freezing point. Strong winds, increasing rockfall frequencies, facilitated flow initiation. The longest flows covered distances up to 500 m, penetrating about 100 m into the forest at the lower part of the scree slope. The flows stopped where slope angles had decreased to 28°-30°. The FCCF form shallow channels on the talus surface, bordered by lateral levees, and ending in frontal lobes which in part were impeded by vegetation. Each morphosedimentological unit appears to have a characteristic set of sedimentary properties. In the winter season of 1989-90 FCCF activity affected 40% of the scree slope under study, or some 65 000 m2. This means that the flux of material mobilised in 1989-90 is over 4,7 m'-m"'.
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1148.More information
The competitive provision of network services has led to the break-up of the underlying infrastructures. The operators have also adopted strategic behaviours in matters of networks interconnection. This paper analyses these two broadly complementary features, using the results of network economics and the neo-institutionalist theory. We show that the interconnectable modules in the networks are not only defined by the technology, but also by the institutions which can even uphold property rights on these networks. From this point of view, the comparison of Internet and the telephony provides some interesting tessons.
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1150.More information
This article uses the concept of Web 2.0 to define the concept of "library 2.0". It suggests that the recent analyses of the evolution of the service offer of libraries are necessarily linked to the knowledge of technologies and to the philosophy underlying the Web 2.0. The purpose of such an undertaking is to examine new ways of operating libraries that coincide with the research and the information-seeking habits of users. Technologies such as blogs, Wiki sites, RSS feeds and social networking play an important role in the evolution of the service offer. This article examines a new concept of library operations in which notions of co-creation and evolutionary and interdependent service are key; they constitute the framework of an "ecosystem" library. With co-creation in mind, the authors study the role of the user in this "ecosystem" as well as the changes to be undertaken from the point of view of the users, the organisation and its mission.