Documents found
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1152.More information
This article draws upon a survey among experienced and new users of the Internet in a technological research centre. The majority of seasoned users are computer engineers capable of using the resources of the Internet (e-Mail, news forums, downloading software, the Web) for very specific professional purposes. New users, on the other hand, have a more varied profile and in the main are still unsure about what use to make of the Net. The former are conscious of forming an electronic community characterized by members' technical skills in using the network, as well as by a set of social practices of which the net-label is merely one of the better-known features. With the opening up of the Internet to other publics and practices, they clearly fear a dénaturation of the « Internet spirit ». These seasoned users attest to a certain proselytism and contribute to the propagation of current utopie rhetoric concerning the Internet.
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1154.More information
Rationing in Demand Systems: Calculation of Virtual Prices, by Léon Bettendorf and Anton Barten.Virtual prices are essential for showing equivalence between demand theories with and without rationing (Neary and Roberts, 1980). Virtual prices are defined as a set of prices encouraging a non-rationed consumer to voluntarily consume the rationed level. This article proposes a methodology for evaluating virtual prices from estimates of complete demand systems. By way of illustration, a Rotterdam model and a CBS model, both with rationing, are estimated from Belgian data for the period between the two world wars. The virtual prices are subsequently calculated for spending on housing, which was rationed during this period.
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1156.More information
Obtaining Data on Mobility : from the historic Recordings of Migrations to Family Group Biographies. The need to understand the decision making process at the origin of migrations and the choice of location of individuals has brought many researchers to consider adopting a framework of analysis destined to fully consider the strategy of individuals within their space. This field of analysis of mobility appears to be very dynamic and rich both for the considerations of theoretical analysis and for practical experimentation. This paper presents recent developments in methodologies and their use. Having identified the major axes of these innovations on the basis of either their questioning of the time base on the phenomena, or a more precise appreciation of the spatial origins, the psychology or social aspirations of the individuals, or the unit measure considered to be the most appropriate (individual, network, or family circle), the author proposes the type of data collection involved and the conclusions that may be drawn from these different concepts. The author concludes with a demonstration of a data gathering process which integrates the study of migrations in a larger context that is based on longitudinal group dynamics, the family circle, all of which being shaped by the interactive trajectory of each of its members.
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1157.More information
WHAT IS THE DISCOURSE ON IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRATION IN THE « ENCYCLOPAEDIA UNIVERSALIS » (1968-1998) ? The « Encyclopaedia Universalis » presents experts' articles on the theme of « immigrants/immigration ». The analysis of this discourse, from the 1968 edition to that of 1995, reveals an evolution which is close to that observable in the press during the period 1970-1980. It also reflects the impossibility of escaping from the banalised paradigm of the designation « immigrants », which thus contributes either to perpetuate a doxa which it claims to be denouncing or to provide it with a pseudo-scientific foundation.
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1158.More information
In this article we are focusing on the role of the family as an obstacle to urban segregation in Greece, through the examples of Athens and Volos. Special attention is given to family practices regarding housing -and especially to the strategies for home ownership as well as those relating to the management of housing patrimony- because of their impact on land and housing markets. The impact is illustrated by the analysis of survey data on factors determining residential location. The antisegregative effect of family practices cannot be isolated from the specific context of the Greek urban society in the first post war decades. In this context family practices were major components of social reproduction processes. Contextual changes, and mainly increasing social polarisation, have progressively transformed the role of the family from a vital element of upward mobility strategies to a traditional relic characteristic of the defensive strategies of large segments of the popular classes.
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1159.More information
AbstractThe problem of women's substance abuse and prostitution is twofold, extremely complex, and alarming. These women are at greater risk of becoming victims of violence and of becoming infected with HIV or another infection that can be sexually transmitted or transmitted by blood. Even though they tend to end up in a state of psychosocial crisis on a regular basis, they run into more obstacles preventing them from accessing appropriate treatment than other women who abuse substances. Purpose. This research aims to explore women's life experiences and their subjective point of view on the course of their substance abuse and prostitution, using their life stories, and including their perceptions on the interrelation between these two issues and their implications in their recovery efforts. Method. As part of a broader research project, 21 substance-abusing women, in treatment and presenting severe social maladjustment problems, were interviewed. This life-story type of interview was conducted 5 to 8 years following the reference treatment episode. A qualitative thematic analysis of the verbatim interviews was performed using the QSR NUD*IST software program. Results. Among the 21 participants interviewed, the results focus more specifically on the life stories of the 6 women who have a history of prostitution as well as substance abuse. Three trajectories have been identified: prostitution as a last resort to support substance abuse in the context of a course of early delinquency ; prostitution as a profession, leading to a deviant lifestyle ; and prostitution as a temporary and episodic phase. Observations regarding the experiences of these women pertaining to motherhood and services are highlighted. Clinical implications of the results are discussed.
Keywords: trajectoires, toxicomanie, prostitution, femmes, histoires de vie, méthodologies qualitatives, trajectories, addiction, prostitution, women, life story, qualitative methodologies, trayectorias, toxicomanía, prostitución, mujeres, historias de vida, metodologías cualitativas
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1160.More information
AbstractThe development of the forest vegetation on a scree slope located in the valley of Rivière à Pierre, Gaspé Peninsula, was reconstructed over the last two centuries. It was established from dendroecological data that the forest limit was lower than its present position around 1850 and that the forest cover expanded until the middle of the 20th century, in spite of evidence for slope instability at the end of the 19th century. After 1950, the forest edge retreated to its present position. Annual sedimentation rates were calculated by using dendrogeomorphological methods. They were lowest (< 0.1 cm/year) during the second half of the 19th century, and increased to 0.5 cm/year during the 20th century, and up to 1.0 cm/year after 1975. Increased slope activity was likely associated with a higher frequency of frost-coated clast flows.