Documents found
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111.More information
What is the state of automatic indexing of monographs? The first attempts at automatic indexing in the early 1960s did not always produce, according to professional indexers, satisfactory systems.However, it is worth one's while to re-examine the opportunities offered by automatic indexing given the growing number of numeric documents for which it could be possible to provide an index similar to the more familiar the back-of-the-book indexes. Several important innovations in the field of the automatic processing of language have been developed over the last fifteen years and new applications could be used for automatic indexing of monographs. This article outlines the issues and identifies solutions to improve the current systems of automatic indexing of monographs.
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112.More information
Computer technology as practice and as belief.For millions of employees, to master the computer represents an immense learning task. Using statistical studies and comprehensive interviews, the author attempts to describe the conditions and outcomes of this effort. Because of hardware and software upgrades, users are continually obliged to upgrade their own knowledge and skills, and to experiment with the material. Learning to use computers depends on a person's proximity to the legitimate culture and on their professional status. Learning ability becomes central to one's professional activity. Anxiety on the part of employees who are relatively well paid but lack job security, discomfort owing to an educational level that falls below the inherited cultural capital, or professional success that falls short of the educational capital have for some favored personal investment in the use of computers. Learning to use computers illustrates the importance of cultural capital, as a sum of skills and abilities, to the successful functioning of a business. But for the employees who hold this capital, disillusions have outweighed the tangible advantages because economic capital outweighs cultural capital. To derive personal benefit from computerization demands not only cognitive skills but cultural aptitudes and a sense of social strategies.
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114.More information
Walter Murch is one of the few film editors in American cinema to practice both image and sound editing. Because his thinking about editing sees the visual and audio continuums as overlapping, Murch's relation towards editing is interoperable. First, this article explores interoperability in the context of cinema through the Open Media Framework Interchange (OMF) file format. This innovation, conceived in the 1990s, is a technical protocol which opens communication channels between image and sound editing software. Next, this article addresses the consequences of the practical and philosophical conceptions of the OMF on everyday image and sound editing practices. It then compares these conceptions with Murch's thinking about editing. Above all, it seeks to raise the real issues around an interoperable editing practice.
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117.More information
Computing in every-day management of care units: the obstacle of learning From a study case conducted in a large Parisian hospital, this research seeks to thoroughly clarify crossings between the computerization process and the organization of work to stress different stages in the learning process. Offering a detailed description of the process, the analysis points out the difficulties, more often the conflicts, but also its potentialities. Beyond this report, this study aims to identify means of promoting learning process and changes regarding care units. In the end, the way they are implemented should emphasize that computer science ability to be considered as a tool for organizational changes in the hospital depends on how learning process of computerized information tools are managed.
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118.More information
Satellite imagery appears today in a great number of atlas and geography books. It is still widely considered as a modernist illustration, when in fact most of these images are received in digital data form, and can be put to a variety of uses when converted to thematic map according to the selected target. Students must be led to realize that the images, they are shown are not fixed once and for all, but are a partial view of reality depending on the theme to be studied and the image processing. We shall first explain the principles which have directed. The software according to the technological and educational context, then we shall comment on the importance of showing the present limits of a new technology as will as its importance for interdisciplinary syntheses.
Keywords: SATELLITE IMAGERY, IMAGE PROCESSING, PEDAGOGIC UTILISATION, IMAGES SATELLITAIRES, APPLICATIONS PEDAGOGIQUES, TRAITEMENT D'IMAGES
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119.More information
How can the bibliographic references retrieved from data bases be analysed in order to study the characteristics of the literature of a given subject? The following research attempts to answer that question using the cognitive aspects of information science. The procedure consisted of four steps: 1) the retrieval of the data (bibliographic references found in LISA and ERIC); 2) the manipulation of this data (sorting, codification, standardisation and merging); 3) the analysis of the data in order of draw conclusions regarding the characteristics of the literature; and 4) the organisation and use of the results of the analysis. The methodology required two programmes: a word processing software (WordPerfect) and a text analysis software (SATO).