Documents found
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1191.More information
As technological and cultural changes affect our experience of space, our conception of sound becomes altered. All sorts of new devices prompt stage creators to cross new boundaries and move representation from its traditional venue toward new sites both real and virtual.Nicole Gingras has shown that a sound that occurs in a given space is acknowledged in equal measure to that space (2014). On the stage, this implies that sound can be used to echo the asperities – both physical as well as those that exist only in memory – of a space. In such moments, the stage expands and takes its audience beyond the sole dramatic space of a play (Lelong 2007). This is confirmed by J. Sterne who writes that “the one who hears remains at the center of the audio environment” (2012). Through sound and through the advances of acoustic research, theatrical space can now offer more that a simple setting for the representation to take place, it can generate the work and even take the latter's ‘place'. This ‘spatial turn' can also lead the stage to unhinge itself from its ties to ‘real' space and open onto virtual topographical experiences.A geoaesthetic (Quiros & Imhoff 2014) could take theatrical and sound dispositives in the direction of a cartographic investigation, one that is "open and connectable in all of its dimensions [,] detachable, reversible, susceptible to constant modification” (Deleuze & Guattari 1980). Inspirited by such a process which likens itself to the act of reading a map, audio dramaturgy can turn the stage into a platform of variable interactions, fulfilling now more than ever the theatre's social and cultural role a media (Larrue 2014).This article seeks to better grasp the theatre's new aurality that is engendered by ‘relocating' the stage (due in part to the use of field recordings which bring their share of unpredictabilities) and to consider the implications of ‘extending' the stage (either as physical location or through the World Wide Web) as a performative, multimedia and intermedial space. To illustrate the argument we will refer to two research-creation works by the Canada Research Chair in “Sound Dramaturgy in the Theatre”: Liaisons sonores Brest/Mashteuiatsh (a radio performance) et Cartographies de l'attente. These performances rely on a form of cartographic writing which outpace the intentions of their author and exceed the physical limitation of the stage by the way they depend on the fortuitous and moving listening situations of each audience member.
Keywords: Dispositif sonore, théâtre performatif, cartographie scénique, Sound Device, Performative Theater, Scenic Cartography
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1192.More information
The degradation of water quality in watersheds is mainly due to socio-economic development, including population growth, urbanization, industrialization and intensification of agriculture. Integrated watershed resources management (IWRM) can be applied to limit this negative impact. The GIBSI model is a tool that can be used to apply IWRM. It includes a sub-model for nitrogen and phosphorus production and transport (PO), and a sub-model for river water quality (Qual-GIBSI). This study focuses mainly on the applicability of these two sub-models in a tropical zone with a monsoon-type climate in a context of restricted data. This exercise will, among other things, validate whether these sub-models are applicable under these conditions. The application will also verify to what extent the river water quality standards are met. The Cau River watershed in Vietnam is used as a case study. We demonstrated through this study that even in this monsoon tropical catchment area where available data are limited in quantity and quality, the PO and Qual-GIBSI models can provide useful information for managing water quality.
Keywords: modélisation, zone tropicale, données rares, qualité de l'eau, bassin versant, mathematical model, tropical area, sparse data, water quality, watershed
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1193.
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1194.More information
This case study tries to understand the way teachers can learn to construct an interprofessional community within a school. Four dimensions have been considered: the scenario, the interactions, the climate of learning and the interdependence between the professionals. This research has highlighted that the building of a community isn't based on the headmaster's injunction to collaborate but on the presence of learning objects with a collective significance and involving an interdependence between the members of the community. The geographic aspect and the possibility to see each other and share workspace are also significant to develop an interdependence between professionals. This research questions the core of the profession and the role of those professionals.
Keywords: communauté apprenante, communauté interprofessionnelle, étude de cas, inclusion scolaire, learning community, interprofessional community, case study, inclusive education, comunidad de aprendizaje, comunidad interprofesional, Estudio de caso, inclusión escolar
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1195.More information
This article provides a review of the literature on the uses of “free speech” within the school and about school. First of all, “free speech” is conceptualized from the work of Foucault on Parrhesia as “a kind of verbal activity where the speaker has a specific relation to the truth through honesty.” (Foucault, 2001, p. 19) Then a thematic analysis of the body of articles and books compiled sing the NVivo software makes it possible to distinguish four groups of work, which structure this article: a) the parrhesiasts teacher and his knowledge, b) parrhesia for a democratic project at school, c) the educational researcher as a specific intellectual and d) parrhesia and the devices for the expression of emotion. The work highlights the obstacles to be overcome so that parrhesiastic practice can be carried out within the school.
Keywords: parrhèsia, parler-vrai, école, Foucault, parrhesia, free speech, school, Foucault
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1196.More information
Emotions have a place in the social work profession: they are "considered, controlled, and managed" to limit their manifestations in the relationship between the professional and the service user. Emotions tend to disappear in the scientific (research) or political (analysis of social policies) manifestation of the discipline. The advent of new managerial practices (Bellot, Bresson & Jetté, 2013) has further sidelined the role of emotions, as decision-making processes are built upon a rationale that promotes objectivity, neutrality and egalitarianism towards service users. Our article raises several questions with regards to the place of emotions: How is social workers' ability to act limited or affected by the lack of recognition of emotions? Are we facing a possible paradigm shift where technobureaucracy as the field of application of political decisions has reached one of its limits in the field of social intervention? Based on practice examples from three surveys conducted by the authors where the question of emotions was central to the interventions, but could not be taken into account, we will see how emotions in social intervention come up against professional and managerial norms.
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1197.More information
Although somewhat in decline, it is noteworthy that “collective” land tenure systems are still common in rural areas in France as in many other countries. Even today, rural communities are still bound up with these “specific” land tenure systems which, through the ties provided by rights of use, play a role in ensuring social cohesion. This article, based on survey research, illustrates the identifying features of these communities that revolve around land tenure.
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1198.More information
Context: The study aims to assess knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among a sample of 658 university students in Northern Québec, Canada. Method: Cross-sectional study using a French-language translation of the Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire to assess students' knowledge. Results: Overall, the students' level of knowledge proved high, but the study also identifies marked gaps. Factors such as being born outside Canada (OR: 3.8 ; CI95%: 1.4-10.1), studying at the undergraduate level (as opposed to graduate ; OR: 2.5 ; CI95%: 1.2-5.1) and never having known anyone living with HIV/AIDS (OR: 2.1 ; CI95%: 1.2-3.8) were related to low levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: The results point to a need for improved awareness and education strategies among certain sub-groups of the university population.
Keywords: VIH, SIDA, attitudes, connaissances, étudiants, HIV, AIDS, knowledge, attitudes, students
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1199.More information
The objectives for this study were to: 1) determine the current status of services offered for aging in place; 2) explore the level of planning for future services for aging in place; and 3) depict the challenges related to services and the measures taken by organizations to meet the needs of French speaking older adults. This mixed exploratory sequential study allowed for qualitative data to be collected to better understand the quantitative results. Forty-nine administrators completed the on-line survey and 11 interviews were conducted. Eight common themes emerged in accordance with the study objectives with emphasis on the viability of community services for aging in place.
Keywords: personnes âgées, maintien à domicile, planification, gestion, organismes communautaires, francophones, older adult, aging in place,, planning, administration, community organizations, Francophones
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1200.More information
In southern Chad, the analysis of climate variability, from 1983 to 2012, shows that the annual rainfall totals are 606.9 mm and the average annual temperature is 28.9°C; with sequences of recurrent floods and droughts. This situation has a considerable impact on the territories, which are experiencing strong rapid changes, plunging rural populations into misery and chronic food insecurity. Addressing the issue of climate risk management for peasant society, political decision-makers intervene weakly to support local adaptation mechanisms. Through the empirical perception, the peasants adopt the strategy of reforestation in the lowlands by including a peasant a reforested young tree named Balanites aegyptiaca which is a small thorny tree, which can be a hundred years old and which can survive two years without rain. This study was conducted in Kélo (59,560 inhabitants) in southern Chad. It analyzes farmers' perceptions and adaptation strategies in the face of climate variability. The data relating to the know-how of the farmers were collected, for five (5) months, through a questionnaire from 140 heads of households chosen at random in this area. Our results show that the farmers (80%) have significant empirical knowledge of the agricultural calendar and knowledge of the varieties of trees adapted to the Sahel such as Balanites aegyptiaca, Faidherbia albida, Acacia raddiana, the date palm... which resists better to climatic variability, the request of the public authorities is to multiply the plants in the nursery and redistribute them to the farmers for reforestation in the area to fight against the advance of the desert. Farmers also showed that resilience stems from empirical knowledge through consultation with elders. They perceive a drop in rainfall (75%), an increase in temperatures (95%) and strong winds (96.7%). As a result, a strong adaptation of the cropping system by transplanting sorghum and rice. Use of local varieties (maize, millet, sorghum, rice) with a short cycle and low agricultural yield. The construction of water reservoirs to carry out manual and regular watering if necessary. Politicians and researchers must strongly intervene to guide and supervise farmers in supporting peasant strategies for resilience to climatic hazards.
Keywords: arbre sahélien, Kélo, sud du Tchad, perceptions paysannes, variabilité climatique, climate variability, Kélo, south of Tchad, peasant perception, sahelian tree