Documents found
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162.More information
After a fifty year career entirely devoted to statistical linguistics, the author attempts to establish a report on this discipline, at least for the French area. He first seeks to evoke the raw intitiatives that involve among other names Guiraud, Quemada Gougenheim, Tournier and Muller. Then he follows the evolution of methods which tend to move away from the inferential model advocated by Muller to adopt a descriptive approach where the analysis is based on multidimensional calculations. Passing from the calculator on the computer software tool developed its power on big size corpus, some of which are subject to particular scrutiny: the BNF, Frantext, SketchEngine and finally Google Books. The size of this last project - which is almost 100 billion words for the French production of the last two centuries - may make you dizzy judgment without erasing doubt, the composition of the corpus, uneven and uncertain, distorting the timeline. It is concluded that the blinding evidence of a graphic result should not impose on the reason. The effect can be massive, and the cause obscure. The lexicometry spread much surface; he must also gain depth.
Keywords: lexicométrie, méthodes statistiques, corpus textuels, BNF, Frantext, SketchEngine, Google Books, lexicometry, statistical methods, text corpora, BNF, Frantext, SketchEngine, Google Books
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164.More information
In order to study the long term impact of the use of word-processor and spellers, we conducted two studies with high school students. During seve ral weeks, these students had to write texts in English, using or not a computational support. In addition, they had to filfin questionnaires to determine their representations of the use of the spellers. These studies showed, at different degrees, a benefit from the use of the computational support on the texts produced by students in a second language. Especially, we observed differences in the nature of the student's benefits, depending on the type of spellers they used and the type of text they had to write.
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166.More information
Joan Fonctuberta's latest body of work, Datascapes, is composed of two series: Orogenesis and Googlegrams. The first series was produced with software intended to produce photorealistic perspectives from topographical maps and satellite imagery. However, Fontcuberta fed the software with reproductions of artworks. The works in the second series are assemblages of thousands of small digital images, or tiles, found on the Internet through the Google search engine. All tiles in a single work responded to search criteria related to the larger composite picture. The author reads these works by Fontcuberta as instances of eternal displacements, in which the content of each image is yet another culturally produced image. As such, the content of these works continuously evades any fixed meaning and acquires significance only in the displacement itself.
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Access to data to enhance knowledge of territory: the case of Brazil. — Access to localised statistical data seems, paradoxically, to be easier in Brazil, a developing country, than in France, which is so proud of its public statistics.
Keywords: Brazil, public statistics, scientific research, Brésil, recherche scientifique, statistiques publiques, Brasil, estatisticas pùblicas, pesquisa cientifica
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168.More information
Ce mémoire porte sur l'organisation sociale de la communauté Python et sur le processus d'innovation technique qui constitue le cœur de ses activités. Notre problématique s'articule autour du paradoxe apparent que représente la production d'un logiciel innovant et de haut niveau par une communauté de développeurs bénévoles, selon des modalités très éloignées des processus organisationnels qui régissent l'innovation industrielle. Nous cherchons donc à comprendre leur organisation et leurs modes de fonctionnement interne. La question qui sous-tend cette étude est celle-ci : en quoi la communauté Python constitue-t-elle une communauté innovante et quels mécanismes a-t-elle mis en place pour structurer l'action collective et soutenir le processus d'innovation collective? Sur le plan théorique, nous mobilisons trois approches complémentaires pour caractériser la communauté Python : 1) la théorie …
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