Documents found
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2301.More information
Many empirical studies focus on the effectiveness of export support. However, the lack of a validated measurement instrument of export support makes it difficult to compare their results. The authors emphasize the need to develop a scale that can be reused in future studies. In this perspective, this article aims to answer the following problem : how to measure the use of export support services by the firm ? For this, we rely on the paradigm of Churchill (1979) to propose a scale that takes into account both the nature and the intensity of export support. In this framework, an empirical study was conducted among 288 French SMEs. The results confirm the multidimensionality of export support through four dimensions : training, prospecting, networking and financial support. Each is assessed by a set of items reflecting the export support services available to SMEs. The use of this measurement tool offers researchers as public authorities the possibility to better assess the specific influence of different types of export support.
Keywords: Accompagnement à l'exportation, Échelle de mesure, PME, Paradigme de Churchill, Export support, Measurement scale, SMEs, Churchill's paradigm, Apoyo a la exportación, Escala de medición, PyMEs, Churchill paradigma
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2303.
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2304.More information
Daycare centres have become an important component of daily activity for a significant number of persons. An analysis of the spatial distribution of daycare centres and their users in relation to the residential social structure of the Québec Metropolitan Area is conducted with the aim of developing a better understanding of the dynamics of accessibility to this crucial service. Over 100centres offer some 5000places to 25000children of pre-school age. About half of these kindergartens have supplied us with the residential postal codes of their children. Using tools such as factorial analysis and statistical cartography, we perform an analysis of the location, both in the social and the physical space of the city and its suburbs, of the centres and the families which use them. The relative distribution of supply and demand of daycare places is measured as well as the relationship between location and degree of social diversity within daycare centres. Although children of pre-school age tend to reside in distant suburbs, most daycare centres are located in central districts. This apparent imbalance, which is largely explained by the workplaces of parents, may have interesting consequences for older neighbourhoods.
Keywords: milieux sociaux, services communautaires, garderies, agglomération de Québec, social milieux, community services, daycare centres, Quebec Metropolitan Area
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2305.More information
Before the opening of the A837 motorway (Rochefort/Saintes), testing bore-holes were carried out by july 1992 on the spur of La Pierre Saint-Louis (Geay, Charente-Maritime). The lower layers show a rich microlithic industry with Sauveterrian features. Typological analysis point out Ligerian influences, but mainly meridional, with a distribution linked to the old mesolithic.
Keywords: Montclus, point with transversal base, scalen, Isosele, backed bladelets, Majoire, Majoire, pointe à base transversale, scalène, Isocèle, lamelle à dos, Montclus
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2306.More information
The aim of this text is one of describing explaining and understanding the unequal geographical division of the number, types and processes of establishment in the agriculture in Québec. Included in a global process of mutation form a domestic agriculture to a business one, 3 types of areas were given prominence to, each characterized by a specific rate of agricultural renewal (strong, weak and intermediate). These territories draw simultaneously some specific establishment profiles : the first type (of area) with a conventional father-son transmission and a productivist pattern of expansion; the second type on the contrary, with frequent non-domestic and atypical establishment forms ; and in between those extremes, a transmission from parents to children, and a pattern of development halfway (between) both preceding types. This intensely contrasted geography is the result of varying local resources and straims where the effect of geographical situation prevails over the economical factors and realities usually retained.
Keywords: Agriculture, Canada, Québec, Establishment, Installation, Canada, Québec, Agriculture
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2307.More information
SummaryThe present study illustrates the distribution, mobility, bioavailability and speciation of total chromium (Cr) in the various strata of a constructed reed bed soil in comparison to unplanted soil under arid climate conditions. The operationally determined speciation of Cr was investigated using a five-step sequential extraction method using CaCl2 (0.1 M) to extract bioavailable Cr.The results indicated that there was a significant accumulation of total Cr, reaching 80% in the surface strata for the planted (PP) and unplanted (NPP) systems. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in Cr accumulation in the surface of the soil between the PP system (48 ± 4 g·kg-1) and the NPP system (39 ± 7 g·kg‑1). The partitioning results indicated that the percentage of Cr in the exchangeable phase was very low. The Cr was mainly associated with the oxidizable phase: 36 ± 10% for the PP system and 54 ± 9% for the NPP system. The residual phase contained 26 ± 3%, 25 ± 2% of the Cr for the PP and NPP systems, respectively. The carbonate fraction represented 19.5 ± 5% for PP system and 10.7 ± 5% for NPP system, whereas the reducible fraction represented 18 ± 6% for the PP system and 10 ± 4% for the NPP system. The sequential extraction results showed that Phragmites australis had the ability to partially transfer Cr from the mobile oxidizable fraction to the less mobile reducible and carbonate fractions. Indeed, Cr was relatively unavailable to the plant but the results did show that Phragmites australis accumulated an appreciable amount of Cr in the roots (1690 mg·kg-1 dry matter). Furthermore, after 13 months, the soil had accumulated high amounts of chromium (94%) with only 5% of the Cr accumulated in Phragmites australis. The presence of plants ensures a sufficient porosity for the percolation of water for treatment, which makes it possible to treat a larger volume of wastewater and to reduce the required soil surface area needed for treatment.
Keywords: chrome, tannerie, sol, mobilité, spéciation, biodisponibilité, Phragmites australis, chromium, tannery, soil, mobility, speciation, bioavailability, Phragmites australis
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2308.More information
In this article, we investigate the philosophical and psycho sociological foundations of the concept of Information Ethics (IT/IS2 Ethics) and how they are articulated with the cultural dimension. Our aim is to discuss the global versus pluralistic conception of information ethics, which we apply in a systematic analysis of ICT codes of ethics, within a sample of 34 European and 20 African organizations. Our findings indicate that the ICT codes of ethics of the two samples present converging ethics content and that globally European and African organizations do not differ significantly in terms of their moral development positioning.
Keywords: Ethique, technologies et systèmes d'information, théories philosophiques de l'éthique, théorie du développement moral, chartes éthiques, Ethics, Technology and Information Systems, Philosophical Ethical Theories, Theory of Cognitive Development Model, Codes of Ethics, Ética, tecnologías y sistemas de información, teorías filosóficas de la ética, teoría del desarrollo moral, cartas éticas
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2309.More information
Americanization of models of management raises two issues: 1) the question of what it is transferred and adopted, i.e. its dimensions: the whole model or its components? 2) The second issue concerns the adoption modes of these elements. Answering these two questions is the aim of this article which studies the dimensions and modes of adoption of the ideological component of the American shareholder value model in France, over fifteen years. The results show a weak adoption of the ideological component of the shareholder value model within the CAC 40 favoring hybridization and particularism.
Keywords: Américanisation, modèles de management, convergence des pratiques, idéologie, valeur actionnariale, Americanization, models of management, convergence of practices, ideology, shareholder value, Americanización, modelos de gestión de las empresas, convergencia de las prácticas, ideología, valor accionarial
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2310.More information
The contribution of this paper is twofold; it aims to :propose a description of accounting data systems (ADS) in SMEs,identify contingency factors which influence them.The quantitative study, carried out by face-to-face directive interviews with 71 managers of Tunisian industrial SMEs, highlights that :the accounting data management is a mandatory anchor for all managers, including those of smaller companies, but the Accounting Data Systems (ADS) in SMEs are rarely complex and are, thereby, specific,if the context in which the organization functions is a source of constraint, the leader maintains a dominant role.
Keywords: système de données comptables, dirigeants de PME, facteurs de contingence, Accounting Data Systems, SME managers, contingency factors, sistema de datos contables, dirigentes de PyMEs, factores de contingencia