Documents found
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2351.More information
Objectives. This study aims to study the association between psychoactive substances (PSA) use and the adaptive functioning of students with ADHD in post-secondary education. The functional impairment experienced by post-secondary students with ADHD and the types of PSA preferred by this population is also examined.Method. The sample consists of 243 college (56.7%) and university (43.6%) students from the province of Quebec, with ADHD and aged 24 years on average.Results. A higher proportion of university students are at risk for alcohol consumption compared to college students. Cannabis and speeds are emerging to be the substances of choice for those who use drugs (43.3%). In addition, multivariate analyzes of covariance show a significant main effect for severity of alcohol use according to functional domains. The severity of alcohol and drug use is associated with risk behaviors.Conclusion. A risky use of alcohol or drugs significantly influences the lives of students with ADHD.
Keywords: TDAH, étudiants postsecondaires, utilisation de substances psychoactives, comportements à risque, fonctionnement adaptatif, ADHD, post-secondary students, substances use, risky behavior, adaptive operation, impairments, TDAH, estudiantes postsecundarios, utilización de sustancias psicoactivas, comportamientos de riesgo, funcionamiento adaptativo
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2352.More information
In the university context, disabled students, including those with a learning disability (LD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD), are increasingly present and represent the largest percentage of students with special needs (AQICESH, 2014; CREPUQ1, 2012). But their presence poses several challenges within schools for all of the stakeholders concerned, in addition to raising questions about the feasibility of their educational aspirations. Do students with a learning disability related to attention deficit disorder have the necessary range of learning strategies to succeed in their university studies? This multiple case study aims to explore these students' profiles of learning strategies in their first year of university to identify knowledge about these strategies and their use, and gain more understanding about the problems they face along the way. In addition to looking at the experiences of disabled students, the research results contribute to demonstrating their place at university.
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2353.More information
Research Framework: Recognizing the increased involvement of fathers in the lives of their children, the scholarly community agrees that fathers should continue to play an important parental role following a separation. In theory, mothers and fathers are equal before the law when it comes to parental rights. However, there are differences in the sharing of custody between mothers and fathers.Objectives: This research aims to identify the factors that contribute to decreasing or breaking fathers' access to their child following their marital separation. Methodology: This article reports on the results of a qualitative study with 14 fathers and identifies some of the obstacles they experience as they attempt to maintain their parental involvement after a separation.The research data are drawn from semi-directed interviews with fourteen separated fathers with difficulties in accessing their child. Interviews addressed their life situation in order to identify the factors and dynamics that explain the situation from their point of view. Results: The findings point to several factors at the onto-, micro-, meso- and macro-systemic levels that, when taken together, result in a weakening of the relationship between fathers and children. Conclusions : Many have assumed that separated fathers' decreased involvement in their children's lives can be attributed to a lack of parental engagement. Yet what this assumption ignores is the fact that some fathers who wish to maintain their parental involvement face difficulties accessing their children. Several factors at different levels of ecosystems that accumulate, thus weakening the relationship with the child.Contribution : This research offers a multifactorial perspective to identify the complexity of this phenomenon and the processes by which it is constructed. This study documents an unknown phenomenon that of fathers who wish to cultivate these links but who face difficulties of access to their child.
Keywords: père, séparation, accès, détresse, besoins, lien père-enfant, father, separation, access, distress, needs, father-child bond
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2354.More information
The issues arising from the intensification of international mobility can be seen at many schools and generate daily challenges. However, many studies highlight the lack of training for principals on the realities of environments with diversified school populations. In the wake of these findings, we conducted an action research/course on transformative leadership in multi-ethnic Montreal with six school principals. In this article, we discuss the process for the project, and its theoretical anchors in transformative leadership (Shields, 2010) and the inclusive education model (Potvin, 2014). We then present a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with elementary school principals at the end of the three-year project to determine the perceived effects of this initiative on their professional practice - on their leadership, knowledge and know-how. It shows that principals have developed a critical awareness of themselves, their environment and society, and have implemented equity and inclusion practices in their schools. In conclusion, we provide avenues for improving initial training for principals and their skills base in Quebec.
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2355.More information
In initial teacher training, the micro-teaching activities and retroaction have for goals to develop reflexive practitioners and competent professionals with a high professional identity. The double analyze of the teacher's action – observation of teacher gestures and analysis of retroaction - requires two complementary methods to make the links between interactive and postactive phase. In this article, the authors describe the different training activities, and explain the research approach with an illustration of a concrete case.
Keywords: analyse du comportement, formation des enseignants, réflexivité, behavior analysis, teacher training, reflectivity
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2356.More information
Despite the promotion and development of evidence based practices in the health and social services fields, the use of standardized assessment measurements in social intervention remains a subject that has been little studied in the province of Quebec. This article focuses on at the issues surrounding the implementation and use of a standardized assessment measurements in the context of child protection interventions, the Family assessment protocol (FAP). From the perspective of 37 stakeholders directly concerned by the use of this protocol (child welfare workers, managers and families), this study examines the challenges involved in the tool implementation process and which influence the use of it. The results indicate that the organizational context, the questionnaires properties, the characteristics of the stakeholders, as well as the perception of the measurement clinical relevance are the main factors raised by the participants to explain the implantation conditions and the level of FAP usage.
Keywords: Protection de la jeunesse, évaluation systématique, évaluation familiale, outil d'évaluation standardisé, Child welfare, Systematic assessment, Family assessment, Standardized assessment measurement
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2357.More information
For a long time, research on intimate partner violence set aside the children and adolescents who are exposed to this problem. It was only in the 1980s that studies began to demonstrate the extent of the negative consequences of exposure to this type of violence. Studies conducted with adolescents pertained mostly to exposure to intimate partner violence in isolation, whereas it is often experienced in cooccurrence with other parental or family problems. This qualitative study proposes an exploration of the experience of adolescents who are exposed to the cooccurrence of violence with parental substance use or mental health problems, to better understand their point of view and better grasp the perceived consequences of this cooccurrence. The study was conducted with eleven 12- to 16-year-old adolescents who were exposed to these forms of cooccurrence. The data were collated by means of a table presenting the family difficulties and of semi-structured interviews. The results highlighted the participants' degree of understanding of the family difficulties, their perceptions of the links between these problems, the consequences that they themselves and their family members experienced, as well as the difficulties that exacerbated their exposure. Several new findings, such as the adolescents' difficulties perceiving the cooccurrence and the richness of their narratives on the consequences of the parental problems, were noted. This study could thus constitute an anchoring point for future, theoretical or practical, research.
Keywords: adolescents, exposition, violence conjugale, cooccurrence de difficultés parentales, adolescents, domestic violence, exposure, cooccurrence with parental difficulties
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2358.More information
The majority of children pass through the stages of psychosexual development in a healthy way. Some children, however, deviate from this path and exhibit sexual behavior problems (SBP). This systematic review identified the individual, family and social factors that distinguish children under 12 years of age who exhibit SBP from those who do not. Using the method proposed by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD, 2008), recognized as a best practice to conduct a systematic review (Tacconelli, 2010), a search identified 2,585 primary studies. Of these, 18 studies on the factors associated with the development of SBP were selected according to predetermined criteria. Despite the many methodological limitations of the studies, the results indicate that children exhibiting SBP show systematically more adversity in several risk areas of the proposed theoretical model (individual characteristics predisposing to behavioral problems, stressors affecting parents to provide optimal care, coercive parenting practices, disturbance of psychosexual development and quality of attachment), compared to children not exhibiting SBP. The inclusion of these areas is crucial to inform the assessment and intervention with children exhibiting SBP.
Keywords: comportements sexuels problématiques, enfants, facteurs associés, recension systématique, sexual behavior problems, children, associated factors, systematic review
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2359.More information
About 22.5% of mothers of children followed by Youth Protection Services have a known or probable borderline personality disorder. There are however very little information on the challenges faced by psychosocial workers who work with this clientele in the context of a protection mandate. This qualitative study focused on this particular issue. Data was collected during six focus groups in which 104 case workers from Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire participated. The results suggest that they perceive their interventions with these families to be subject to a set of contingencies that make their work particularly complex and demanding. Three main themes in relation to their concerns and challenges regarding their practice and in relation to their needs were highlighted. The first theme regards intervention difficulties related to the interpersonal context. The analyses show for example that trying to reconcile child protection and support for parents, or to talk to the children about their parents' mental disorder prove to be particularly difficult. The second theme related to the context of their working environment concerns their perceptions of the contingencies associated with the internal organization of services and with the collaboration with partners (judiciary milieu and adult psychiatry). The impact of the interpersonal and environmental contexts on the caseworkers constitutes the third theme. Participants suggested that the management of families impacted by this mental disorder puts an important strain on them, both emotionally and cognitively. Finally, this article highlights the importance of addressing the daily challenges faced by those working with families affected by borderline personality disorder and presents some organizational and clinical recommendations in order to better support the workers.
Keywords: parents, trouble de personnalité limite, intervention psychosociale, services de protection de la jeunesse, parents, borderline personality disorder, psychosocial intervention, youth protection services
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2360.More information
The ongoing discussion around the concept of activity is an invitation to question the theoretical development of sociology of work, from the foundational works of the 1950s and 1960s, through several successive paradigmatic shifts, up to today's issues. The theoretical reading we are pursuing is therefore that of a gradual turning away from practised work that has ended up focusing instead on the organization, at least among the most visible currents of academic and public space. Within this framework, we consider the notion of activity as an effort to refocus the sociological perspective on work in acts that are carried out and experienced by wage earners, and at the same time as an alternative to the notion of unspecialized work (under its allegedly interchangeable, cognitive or digital form).
Keywords: activation, automatisme social, agir communicationnel, conscience ouvrière, travail sans qualités, activation, social automatism, communicative action, workers' consciousness, unspecialized work, activación, automatismo social, actuar comunicacional, conciencia obrera, trabajos sin cualidades