Search Results

The aim of this study was to examine the evolution of psychological health among psychoeducation students during the crisis associated with COVID-19. One hundred and fifthy-nine students (90 % of women), selected from a sample of 876 students, completed a series of questionnaires at two times: before COVID-19 in October 2019 (Time 1), and during the COVID-19 in January 2021 (Time 2). Questionnaires assessed depression, anxiety, stress, social support, coping strategies, knowledge and use of psychological services on the campus, as well as stressful life events. The results showed that the crisis associated with COVID-19 pandemic did not affect all the students on de same way. Undergraduate students and students who used coping strategies such as avoidance and self-blame attributions before the pandemic showed a deterioration of their psychological well-being. On the other hand, graduate students, those who used coping strategies focused on the problem and those who benefit from a good social support from their families before the pandemic showed an improvement of their psychological well-being. The discussion presents solutions to improve psychological well-being among students.

Keywords: santé psychologique, étudiants, université, psychoéducation, anxiété, dépression, soutien social, stratégies d'adaptation, psychological health, students, university, psychoeducation, anxiety, depresion, social support, coping strategies

The large grave mounds from the Carnac region are among the most impressive funeral architecture of the French Neolithic period. They have been singled out numerous times for the exceptional quality of the personal adornment objects deposited within them, including dozens of polished stone axes and bead necklaces. Despite their importance, these artefacts have been donated to museums without undergoing scientific examination. To correct this injustice, a team of researchers recently conducted a study of the large green stone blades found across western Europe (Pétrequin et al., 1997). This article describes other artefacts found in the grave mounds as well as those found in passage graves, and presents new data concerning the origins and identification of the minerals used.

A selfie is a self-portrait photograph, typically taken with a camera phone, posted on social network websites. A selfie is also a legal fact which should therefore be regulated by Law and, more specifically, by the right to privacy and the right to control use of one’s image. In this study, we will first examine the differences and similarities between Quebec Law and French Law. We will then analyse the issue of the consent of the photographed person. Since a selfie is a self-portrait photograph, the question of the consent of the photographed person does not arise. It is however different for a group photo. In this respect, a distinction should be made between taking photographs and posting them on social network websites.

Abstract – This study analyses the preferences of the French population with regard to the genetic information that is potentially accessible thanks to genomic medicine. More specifically, it is a question of knowing whether or not the French population (i) is in favour of knowing all possible results with regard to genetic predispositions ; (ii) has preferences with regard to the person or the method that would decide upon the list of accessible results ; (iii) is in favour of researchers having access to patients’ genetic data. This study makes use of the discrete choice method, with an online survey, conducted in France with a representative sample of 2,501 respondents. The choice data were analyzed in a mixed logit model, to explore the variability of preferences. The results show a preference for autonomy in choosing the information communicated, to access the most comprehensive genetic results possible and for a contribution to research through the provision of genetic data.

Keywords: discrete choice experiment, genomic medicine, access to information, stated preferences, JEL Classification C25 - I1 - O33, accès à l’information, Codes JEL C25 - I1 - O33, méthode des choix discrets, médecine génomique, préférences

This paper presents an overviewof the econometric tools recently developed for empirical ex post policy evaluation. The author begins by emphasising the selection problems involved in evaluation (howto disentangle the real effect of a policy from the individual characteristics of the persons impacted). Next, she examines the practical aspects of policy evaluation, such as access to relevant data, identification hypotheses and interpretation of results. Illustrations are taken from recent empirical papers published in the economic literature. After presenting the Rubin framework for causal inference, the author focuses on the four main empirical designs for evaluation : selection on observables, difference-in-differences, instrumental variables, and regression on discontinuity.

Keywords: JEL classification C10, public policy evaluation, regression discontinuity design, matching, instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, Classification JEL C10, évaluation de politique publique, différence de différences, variables instrumentales, appariement, régression sur discontinuités

We consider open government (OG) within the context of e-Government and its broader implications for the future of public administration. We argue that the current US Administration's Open Government Initiative blurs traditional distinctions between e-Democracy and e-Government by incorporating historically democratic practices, now enabled by emerging technology, within administrative agencies. We consider how transparency, participation, and collaboration function as democratic practices in administrative agencies, suggesting that these processes are instrumental attributes of administrative action and decision making, rather than the objective of administrative action, as they appear to be currently treated. We propose alternatively that planning and assessing OG be addressed within a “public value” framework. The creation of public value is the goal of public organizations ; through public value, public organizations meet the needs and wishes of the public with respect to substantive benefits as well as the intrinsic value of better government. We extend this view to OG by using the framework as a way to describe the value produced when interaction between government and citizens becomes more transparent, participative, and collaborative – i.e., more democratic.

In Quebec, children born outside of Canada and those whose mother tongue is not French are more likely to be less prepared for school. This article presents the points of view of Quebecers immigrant parents regarding the quality of the educational childcare service attended by their child and its contribution to their child's school readiness. Ten testimonies were collected through semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was carried out according to the constituent elements of the quality of the educational environment and the areas of child development of school readiness. The parents interviewed mentioned seven elements that they associated with the quality of the child care center: 1) the way the educational environment is organised; 2) the functioning of the child care center; 3) the personal care routines; 4) the activities; 5) the interactions; 6) the staff experience in the field of early childhood; and 7) the accessibility to the child care center. The majority of them believe that the child care center has positive effects on their child's school readiness, more particularly on their physical and motor development and their social and emotional development. In addition, the parents interviewed are just as many to consider that the child care center does not contribute to the development of their child's literacy and numeracy skills. In short, the elements of the quality of the educational environment that they recognize as contributing to their child's school readiness are the furniture and the way the environment is organised, the interactions between the educator and the children and those between peers, and the activities offered.

Keywords: Parents immigrants, qualité de l'environnement éducatif, services de garde éducatifs à l'enfance, préparation scolaire, approche qualitative, Immigrant parents, quality of educational environment, child care centers, school readiness, qualitative approach

This article is intended to analyze the Tunisian automobile insurance rating system, using an optimal rating model. ln this regard, we apply a rating model based on the characteristics of policy holders and their number of past accidents (Lemaire 1995, Dionne and Vanasse 1992). Our data base is structured for a five-year period (1990-1995) and contains 46,337 observations, allowing us to evaluate, from annual data with the use of models for count data (Poisson and negative binomial), the relative importance of factors explaining the number of accidents during a period and to build up optimal bonus-malus tables. We come to the conclusion that other variables than the power and the use of vehicles (which are the two rating criteria in the actual regime) are significant to explain the number of accidents (insured residence, insured coverages, model and age of vehicles) and also, in other respects, that the bonus-malus table put in place by the ministry of Finance is not optimal.

Keywords: Information privée, sécurité routière, bonus-malus, tarification de l’assurance automobile, modèles de comptage, Private information, road safety, bonus-malus, automobile insurance rating, count data models

Les projets de logiciels libres et open source (FLOSS) s'inspirent principalement des mouvements d'innovation ouverte et de projets agiles. Ils présentent des défis de leadership sensiblement diffé-rents de ceux des méthodologies de développement de logiciels plus traditionnelles, et les débats se poursuivent sur la manière d'identifier le meilleur profil professionnel et de se concentrer pour diriger des projets FLOSS. Nous examinerons certaines considérations liées à l'initiative de leadership au sein d'un projet FLOSS. Plus précisément, nous testons les hypothèses suivantes pour les questions de recherche 1 à 5 : H1 : Les professionnels impliqués dans des projets propriétaires et open source ont un niveau d'implication plus élevé dans le leadership FLOSS par rapport à ceux impliqués uniquement dans un seul type de projet ; (H2) …