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L'accès permanent et sécurisé aux ressources, données et services proposés par une entreprise est devenu au fil des années un point critique dans la stratégie de mise en place de l'infrastructure réseau. Situé à l'entrée du réseau interne et chargé de faire respecter la politique de sécurité mise en place par l'administrateur, le pare-feu est bien souvent l'unique point d'accès par lequel transitent toutes les connexions avec l'extérieur, et représente de ce fait un unique point de défaillance potentiel (« single point-of-failure »). Afin de pallier cette faiblesse, plusieurs solutions de redondances de pare-feux ont vu le jour. Ce document a pour but de présenter, d'évaluer et de comparer deux solutions reconnues du monde du logiciel libre : les conntrack-tools sous Linux, et pfsync/CARP sous …

La parallélisation est une solution possible pour améliorer un simulateur séquentiel s'il devient trop lent dû à une surcharge de calculs et qu'on ne désire pas concevoir à neuf un nouveau simulateur parallèle. Ce mémoire présente la conception UML d'une architecture pour un simulateur parallèle flexible et extensible capable de gérer différents environnements de déploiement par une configuration au temps d'exécution. Ce projet a vu le jour dans le but d'améliorer les performances de l'architecture KARMA, une architecture séquentielle pour la simulation d'engagements d'armes, pour réussir à atteindre le temps-réel dans une simulation haute-fidélité avec matériel dans la boucle. L'approche retenue propose une architecture non commerciale et développable à faibles coûts. L'implémentation et les tests préliminaires ont été basés sur un logiciel source libre et …

Ce mémoire de maîtrise présente mon cheminement dans le développement d’une pratique en improvisation électroacoustique en direct ainsi que du logiciel Système d’interprétation de modèles énergétiques acousmatiques (SIMÉA). Le projet témoigne d’une approche hybride combinant une pensée autant basée sur l’improvisation libre que la composition acousmatique. Pour faciliter la formalisation des improvisations électroacoustiques faites avec SIMÉA, les modèles énergétiques acousmatiques sont utilisés comme base théorique au développement de modules de traitements sonores.

All over the world, public research organizations (PRO) have adopted a policy of systematic patenting over their research results. Economic consequences of this change have been widely documented. Yet, less has been written on the way PRO use their intellectual property. We show here that, although firms have for long understood the importance of a contextualized use of their patent portfolios, it is not the case of PRO, which remain locked into a restrictive view of patents based on exclusivity. But a policy of exclusive licensing is not the only option for PRO. In some cases, that we attempt to define, it is more efficient in order to foster technology transfer, to adopt more open model of use, based on non-exclusive licenses or on open source strategies.

Keywords: brevet d'invention, transfert de technologie, universités, accords de licence d'exploitation, open source, Patent, technology transfer, universities, licensing, open source, patente, transferencia de tecnología, universidades, acuerdos de licencias de explotación, open source

Contemporary production models are increasingly evolving into networks in which actors implement decentralized and collaborative work processes to address shared challenges and interests. The FabLabs network embodies the spirit of these new production relationships, bringing makers together around values involving the pooling of technological resources and the free sharing of knowledge. This article discusses an analysis of such production transformations through ethnographic research conducted with FabLabs in Peru, where makers are striving to establish alliances with traditional artisans during post-COVID-19 economic recovery. We argue that while these alliances provide traditional artisans with tools to navigate precarity, they may also create power imbalances in favour of makers who have the resources to leverage collective creation for their own benefit. This analysis is supported by a thought process on the ethical (commitment to interlocutors) and epistemological (production of scientific knowledge) challenges of ethnographic research.

Keywords: FabLabs, artisans et artisanes traditionnels, production en réseau, alliances, enquête ethnographique, FabLabs, traditional artisans, network production, alliances, ethnographic research

While media and sometimes academic discourses regularly pit pro-globalization neo-liberal governments against populist governments advocating a nationalist and protectionist retreat, the article shows that contemporary populist governments such as Trump, Bolsonaro, Johnson or Orban’s are in fact the product of various currents of neo-liberalism that emerged in the early 1990s and that have relied on a nationalist matrix to push for more economic liberalization against transnational organizations deemed too protective and regulatory. Rather than falling into a false opposition between globalism and nationalism, it would therefore be preferable to recognize that the global economic-political game is increasingly structured around a national-neoliberalism.

It is possible to simulate the hydraulic functioning of a given network either with a detailed “microscopic” model at the street section scale or with a global “macroscopic” model which generates total flow rates at the outlet of a basin. The microscopic model is useful when one is concerned with the hydraulic performance of individual conduit sections and the precise locations of problematic areas within a network. Macroscopic modeling is mainly useful when one is interested exclusively by the exit flow rates of a basin. This may be the case in interceptor management where the flow rate is a parameter of the global optimization procedure, within the framework of real time management of regulators. In this case, detailed modeling of a network is unnecessary. On the other hand, detailed modeling requires that a voluminous data base be built and maintained, implying expenditures exceeding the resources of small municipalities.The present work consists in elaborating a systematic method which allows one to substitute simplified hydraulic modeling for detailed modeling of a drainage network. The approach is based on the analysis of the drainage parameters in an urban environment. The non-dimensional groupings retained in this analysis comprise the characteristics a of the basin, of the network and of rainfall. In order to provide a greater generality to this approach, the authors applied the analysis to synthetic networks and rainfalls covering a wide range of specific cases.From a practical viewpoint, the objective was to link the peak flow rates and the time to peak of the global model to those of the detailed model of a basin. Two transfer functions have thus been proposed in order to obtain the peak flow rate and the time to peak of the detailed model as functions of the same parameters provided by the global model. The parameters retained for the transfer function are the density of the drainage network and the rate of filling of the network.In order to implement the proposed method and perform the required hydraulic and hydrological simulations, the authors have used the SWMM program (Storm Water Management Model). 180 simulations have thus been completed, 15 for each type of network and for each type of rainfall. For every combination, one computes the peak flow rate and the time to peak as obtained by the global and detailed models of the basin.The proposed multi-criterion analysis revealed that the total discrepancy between simplified and detailed modeling of a drainage network is very important. Within the range of the assumed densities, the difference can be as great as 50%. This discrepancy between global and detailed modeling is explained by the storage capacity of the different types of networks. Indeed, for a same given drained area, a network provides additional storage with increasing length of the network and therefore with increasing drainage density.On the basis of the above finding, a global model cannot replace a detailed model without the use of required corrections for the computation of peak flow rates for a given specific case. In order to resolve this difficulty, it is recommended to use the empirical models proposed herein to reduce the discrepancy and thereby obtain the appropriate corrections.The proposed method has been subjected to a validation program on basin No.1 of the Verdun borough. Agreement between the flow rates measured at the entrance of the Rhéaume pumping station and those simulated by the proposed method is very satisfactory. The transformation models derived from the analysis allow for the transition from a global model to a detailed one and provide a significant improvement in optimized real time management of drainage networks.

Keywords: Réseau égout, pluie, débit, hydraulique, hydrologie modélisation, effet d'échelle, Sewer network, rainfall, runoff, hydraulic, hydrologic, modelling, scale