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The past few years have seen an increasing number of initiatives by which the management of public services has been contracted out to the private sector. Most of the agreements concerning private management of public services have common characteristics that distinguish them from other contracts of the State such as contracts for the procurement of goods or services. After identifying those common characteristics, the author studies some examples and then presents the legal framework that governs them and the problems caused by the inadequacies of this framework.

This article presents a critical overview of the MOOC (massive open online course) in university education. We review the history of this innovative education delivery mode, highlight the main university actors who developed the MOOC, address the issue of the “openness” or cost-freeness of the MOOC, and describe how the MOOC works. We also discuss the issue of supergroups: how can 100,000 students be taught at once? We then look at assessment methods and so-called connectivist MOOCs. We conclude by reviewing the results of about 100 studies on the MOOC.

A third electrical geophysical prospection campaign conducted at Philippi in September 2001 added 9 ha to the area already covered. The interpretation of the results in the West part of the town shows that it was organised in three rows of insulae of the same module (ca. 27 x 83 m). The first row on the south side of the principal axis, which is the Via Egnatia, comprises several monumental groups, induding a large Early Christian basilica and a double stoa along a small public square. The second and third rows are more difficult to interpret because of disturbances associated with the presence of a fortified Byzantine redoubt around the marsh Gate. A comparison of these geophysical data with the records of the French excavations, the epigraphic and photographie evidence and a topographical survey, has considerably clarified their interpretation.

Delphica 4. The niche-portico SD 108. The conglomerate niche SD 108 is close to the entrance of the Delphic sanctuary of Apollon. Since its discovery much has been written on the subject of its architecture, its date, and especially its primary purpose, but knowledge of the realities in the terrain were rarely equal to that of the texts. After nearly seventy years, G. Roux has shown, against the commonly held opinion, that it could not have contained the statues of the “ Navarchs” erected in memory of the Lacedemonian victory at Aigos-Potamoi, but he was mistaken about the rest. The archaeological data collected since 1966 has permitted establishing that SD 108 dates to the Classical period and carried an irregular prostyle colonnade of twelve doric columns raised on a podium. This peculiar form was paired with an extraordinary interior arrangement. Finally, the orientation, different from the other niches, appears to have corresponded to that of the monument of the “ Navarchs” and resulted from alterations covering the entire south-east sector.

This article aims to provide a survey of the research that has been conducted, up until now, on the gallo-roman villae located in the Augustonemetum area. The multiple research tools and methods (bibliography, data gathered through excavating, systematic field walking and aerial surveys) allow us to present, for the very first time, a thorough table of population density in the Limagne plain during the Roman period. The villae were very numerous and had a deep and durable impact on their surroundings. They are studied from dynamic and topological points of view. The results of the first analyses performed on the marble found in these villae show how important this material was ; the results also pinpoint various strategies as far as supply was concerned.

Keywords: Marble, Settlement, Suburban, Villae., Arverne, Limagne, Marbre, Arverne, Limagne, Occupation du sol, Périurbain, Villae.

New critical and strategic mineral extraction projects are emerging around the world to support the growing demand for minerals that are presented as necessary for the transition to 'green' energy and for the climate change mitigation. These projects are controversial and bring together or oppose stakeholders around different values. This paper contributes to the debate on the contradictory nature of climate change strategies that rely on the intensification of mineral resource extraction. More specifically, it examines the justifications used by industry, government and civil society actors to influence the legitimacy of a transition mining project. Based on a content analysis of press articles related to a controversial lithium mine project in Quebec, the article mobilizes Boltanski and Thévenot's (1991) theory of the economies of worth to account for the grammars of justification used by the various stakeholders. The results indicate that the controversy crystallizes around two aspects of the civic world. The energy transition is not discussed in the public discourse on the project studied. The techno-centric and interventionist vision of the transition, as Audet defines it (2016), is locked into the operationalization of the transition as defined by the public authorities, without allowing other alternatives to emerge in the debates around a mining project of the transition. The article contributes to the discussions on the need to open spaces for dialogue around these projects to collectively define the possible trajectories of the transition.

Keywords: transition, justification, controverse, industrie minière, lithium, mondes communs, économies de la grandeur, extractivisme, monde civique, transition, justification, controversy, mining industries, lithium, common worlds, economies of worth, extractivism, civic world

Résumé Le drainage minier acide (DMA), suivant l’oxydation des sulfures déclenchée par l’oxygène atmosphérique et l’eau libre, occasionne une détérioration de la qualité de l’eau en terme d’acidité et de concentration des métaux et oxyanions. Le DMA constitue un danger environnemental d’ampleur mondiale vu son effet néfaste sur les systèmes aquatiques et les formes de vies fauniques et floristiques. Les contributions scientifiques menées par le gouvernement, l’industrie minière, les universités et les établissements de recherche se concentrent sur l’évaluation, la prévention et le traitement du DMA pour préserver les écosystèmes avoisinant les installations minières. La plupart des contributions scientifiques abordent les aspects avals de la gestion du DMA impliquant les étapes opérationnelles et post-fermeture du cycle minier. Peu de solutions pratiques ont été suggérées pour …